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俄诺玛俄斯

维基百科,自由的百科全书
俄诺玛俄斯、希波达弥亚和奥利匹斯众神,一个古代花瓶上的图画

俄诺玛俄斯希腊语Οινόμαος)是古希腊神话中的比萨英语Pisa, Greece王,[1]那伊阿得斯哈珀娜英语Harpina[2]普勒阿得斯斯忒洛珀[3](有时也被认为是俄诺玛俄斯的配偶)[4]和战神阿瑞斯之子,希波达弥亚之父。除去斯忒洛珀的可能性之外,他的妻子也可能是阿尔戈斯的Evarete(阿克里西俄斯欧律狄刻之女)。另外达那俄斯之女Eurythoe也被认为是他的母亲[5]或配偶。[6]除去希波达弥亚,他的孩子还有留基伯(因爱恋达佛涅而死)和阿尔卡珀鲍桑尼亚认为俄诺玛俄斯的父亲不可能是神而是人类。[7]欧里庇得斯著作《在陶里斯的伊菲革涅亚》中的谱系证据显示,俄诺玛俄斯是特洛伊战争的前二代之人,是亚崔迪阿伽门农墨涅拉俄斯的祖父。

珀罗普斯与俄诺玛俄斯之死

珀罗普斯想要娶俄诺玛俄斯之女希波达弥亚为妻,但是俄诺玛俄斯曾经得到一个预言:他将会被自己的女婿杀死,为了阻止这一事情发生,他通过战车赛杀死了13个来向希波达弥亚求婚的人,并将他们的头颅钉在宫殿的木柱上。[8]为了娶到希波达弥亚,珀罗普斯决定与俄诺玛俄斯比赛。为了保证不失败,珀罗普斯向波塞冬求助,后者交给他一辆飞马拉的战车[9]珀罗普斯和希波达弥亚换掉了俄诺玛俄斯车轮上的车轴,因此俄诺玛俄斯因翻车被缰绳缠住,而被马拖死了。俄诺玛俄斯的车夫弥尔提洛斯幸存,但最终为珀罗普斯所杀。

弥尔提洛斯死前对珀罗普斯下了诅咒,导致后者的许多后代如阿特柔斯梯厄斯忒斯阿伽门农墨涅拉俄斯俄瑞斯忒斯都不得善终。同时弥尔提洛斯位于奥林匹亚的墓地也被认为是一个不祥之处。俄诺玛俄斯的战车赛被认为是古代奥林匹克运动会的起源之一,并产生了一些厄利斯传说。[10]

参考资料

  1. ^ In the ancient territory of Pisa lay Olympia.
  2. ^ Theoi Project: Harpina页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  3. ^ Hyginus, Fabula 84 ("Oenomaus, son of Mars and Asterope, daughter of Atlas"), Fabula 250 ("Oenomaus, son of Mars by Asterie, daughter of Atlas").
  4. ^ Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke 3. 110 - 111; Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica 2. 21; he was depicted on the pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia with Sterope, whom Pausanias also took for his wife: "On the right of Zeus Oinomaos with a helmet on his head, and by him Sterope his wife, who was one of the daughters of Atlas."
  5. ^ Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1. 752
  6. ^ Tzetzes on Lycophron, 157
  7. ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, 5. 1. 6
  8. ^ The story of Pelops' chariot race is told by Nestor to Menelaus, in Quintus Smyrnaeus's continuation of the Iliad (IV.527-34).
  9. ^ Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes 2.27.67 (noted in Karl Kerenyi, The Heroes of the Greeks, 1959:64).
  10. ^ Eric L. Brulotte, "The "Pillar of Oinomaos" and the Location of Stadium I at Olympia", American Journal of Archaeology 98.1 (January 1994), pp. 53-64,

参考书目

  • Pindar, Olympian Ode, I (476 BCE)
  • Sophocles, (1) Electra, 504 (430 - 415 BCE) & (2) Oenomaus, Fr. 433 (408 BCE)
  • Euripides, Orestes, 1024-1062 (408 BCE)
  • Bibliotheca, Epitome 2, 1-9 (140 BCE)
  • Diodorus Siculus, Histories, 4.73 (1st c. BCE)
  • Hyginus, Fables, 84: Oinomaus; Poetic Astronomy, ii (1st c. CE)
  • Pausanias, Description of Greece, 5.1.3 - 7; 5.13.1; 6.21.9; 8.14.10 - 11 (ca. 160 - 176 CE)
  • Philostratus the Elder Imagines, I.30: Pelops (170 - 245 CE)
  • Philostratus the Younger, Imagines, 9: Pelops (ca. 200 - 245 CE)
  • First Vatican Mythographer, 22: Myrtilus; Atreus et Thyestes
  • Second Vatican Mythographer, 146: Oenomaus