奥林匹亚宙斯神庙
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Olympia-ZeusTempelRestoration.jpg/220px-Olympia-ZeusTempelRestoration.jpg)
奥林匹亚宙斯神庙(希腊语:Ναός του Δία στην Ολυμπία)是一座位于希腊奥林匹亚的古代希腊神庙,建造于公元前472年至456年间,目的是祭祀天神宙斯。426年被毁,现今仅存遗址。它是古典希腊神庙中多立克柱式的典型。[1]
构造
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hera_temple_II_-_Paestum_-_Poseidonia_-_July_13th_2013_-_04.jpg/220px-Hera_temple_II_-_Paestum_-_Poseidonia_-_July_13th_2013_-_04.jpg)
其叫“Altis”的圣林(sacred grove)围墙,露天祭坛和珀罗普斯之墓最早形成于公元前10至9世纪的[2]希腊黑暗时代,当时宙斯祭仪已经和赫拉祭仪合一了。[3]
神庙的建造者是古希腊建筑师里本。[4],刻有排档间饰和三竖线花纹装饰,顶部有三角楣饰。
神庙的主要结构是用石灰岩建造的,外表涂以灰泥。神庙内的雕刻品使用帕罗斯岛大理石,屋瓦采用和雅典卫城的帕德嫩神庙同的彭忒利科大理石。
宙斯神像
宙斯神像坐落于奥林匹亚宙斯神庙中,这座神像是古希腊雕刻家菲迪亚斯的作品,大约建造于公元前457年。神像有以黄金制成的橄榄冠,坐在用杉木制成的宏伟的宝座上,并饰以黄金、象牙、乌木以及各种珍贵的宝石。左手持神杖,右手持胜利女神。
装饰
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Bull_metope_Olympia_Louvre_MA716.jpg/220px-Bull_metope_Olympia_Louvre_MA716.jpg)
东部三角楣饰描述的是珀罗普斯和俄诺玛俄斯的二轮战车竞赛场景,[5][6]宙斯站在他们中间,周围是一些英雄。其中人物共15个,有些人物的身份仍然未明确。
西部三角楣饰描述的是佩里图斯婚宴上半人马与拉庇泰人的战斗。阿波罗[7] 站立于中央,周围是佩里图斯和忒修斯。[8]拉庇泰人的王佩里图斯邀请半人马赴宴,半人马们喝醉之后开始抢劫女子而被前者击败。其阿波罗神像现存于奥林匹亚考古博物馆。[9]
结局
426年,狄奥多西二世下令摧毁这座神庙,其遗址在522年和551年的地震中遭到进一步破坏。[11]
1766年,该神庙被重新发现。1829年一群法国考古学家对遗址进行了一部分挖掘,并将一些饰物带回了卢浮宫。1875年开始系统的发掘,组织者是德国考古研究所。[12]
相关创作
参见
参考资料
- ^ Temple of Zeus (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at Archaeopaedia, Stanford University
- ^ (Hellenic Ministry of Culture: The sanctuary site at Olympia, including the Temple of Zeus. [2013-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2010-03-09).
- ^ Preceding the Temple of Zeus in the temenos at Olympia were the archaic structures: "the temple of Hera, the Prytaneion, the Bouleuterion, the treasuries and the first stadium." (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Pausanias, v. 10.3.
- ^ Marie-Louise Säflund, The East Pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia: A Reconstruction and Interpretation of Its Composition, Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology, 27 (Götheborg) 1970, summarised fifty-eight previous reconstructions; her reconstruction has been widely but not universally accepted.
- ^ King Oinomaos would only let his daughter wed if a suitor could beat him in a chariot race. Pelops, the man who fell in love with Hippodameia altered the Kings chariot by replacing the axle linchpins with beeswax and consequently the king died and he married the Kings daughter. Oenomaus' violation of dike was symbolised by the thirteen heads of unsuccessful suitors, hung on columns in his palace.After the successful race, Zeus with a thunderbolt destroyed the palace.One wooden column left standing was shown to Pausanias with this commentary.
- ^ A.F. Stewart and N.D Tersini, "The gesture of Apollo in the west pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia", American Journal of Archaeology 86 (1982:287f).
- ^ Pediments of the temple of Zeus, 470 - 456 BC (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at www.sikyon.com
- ^ Bank of Greece (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Drachma Banknotes & Coins: 1000 drachmas (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). – Retrieved on 27 March 2009.
- ^ Hurwit 1987:6.
- ^ Hellenic Ministry of Culture (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- ^ Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Olympia. [2013-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-24).
外部链接
- 宙斯神庙的布局与雕刻 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)(英文)
- 海德堡大学图书馆资料
37°38′16″N 21°37′48″E / 37.63778°N 21.63000°E
|