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折射率列表

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物质分界面处光的折射

作为物质的特征之一,不同的物质具有不同的折射率,且折射率与光的频率有关。标准折射率是指光波长为589纳米(即原子光谱中的双黄线)条件下测量得到的折射率。

折射率亦与温度压强应力、物质组成(例如杂质含量)等有较弱的关联。对于大多数物质来说,通常情况下这些因素导致的折射率变化在1%或更低的数量级。然而,若对精度有所要求,就有必要引用折射率的测量来源。

一般来说,折射率是复数,即包含实数和虚数部分,其中虚数部分表征物质对特定波长的光的吸收强度,因此虚数部分有时也被称为消光系数。折射率的虚数部分有时十分重要,例如可见光在金属中传播的情况中,在描述折射率时必须包含其虚数部分。

光的折射、临界角及全反射

折射率列表

一些典型物质的折射率
物质 λ (nm) n 来源
真空 1 (定义值)
标准状况下的空气 1.000277
0 °C,1 标准大气压下的气体
地球大气层 589.29 1.000293 [1]
二氧化碳 589.29 1.001 [2][3][4]
589.29 1.000036 [1]
589.29 1.000132 [1]
20 °C 的液体
溶于二碘甲烷三硫化二砷 1.9 [5]
二硫化碳 589.29 1.628 [1]
589.29 1.501 [1]
四氯化碳 589.29 1.461 [1]
硅油英语Silicone oil (nD25) 589.29 1.393–1.403 [6]
煤油 1.39
乙醇 (ethyl alcohol) 589.29 1.361 [1]
丙酮 1.36
589.29 1.330 [1]
10% 葡萄糖水溶液 589.29 1.3477 [7]
20% 葡萄糖水溶液 589.29 1.3635 [7]
60% 葡萄糖水溶液 589.29 1.4394 [7]
室温下的固体
碳化硅莫桑石 589.29 2.65 [8]
二氧化钛金红石 589.29 2.614 [9][10]
钻石 589.29 2.417 [1]
钛酸锶 589.29 2.41 [11]
五氧化二钽 589.29 2.15 [12]
琥珀 589.29 1.55 [1]
氯化钠 589.29 1.544 [13]
熔融石英 589.29 1.458 [1][14]
其他物质
液氦 1.025
全氟己烷 1.251 [15]
1.31
无定型含氟树脂(Teflon AF) 1.315 [16][17]
冰晶石 1.338
Cytop 1.34 [18]
聚四氟乙烯 1.35–1.38 [19]
25%食糖溶液 1.3723 [20]
角膜 1.373/1.380/1.401 [21]
晶状体 1.386–1.406
肝脏 964 1.369 [22]
消化道 964 1.329-1.338 [23]
乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物(氟塑膜 1.403 [24]
聚二甲基硅氧烷 1.4118 [25]
50%食糖溶液 1.4200 [20]
聚乳酸 1.46 [26]
派热克斯玻璃 1.470 [27]
植物油 1.47 [28]
甘油 1.4729
75%食糖溶液 1.4774 [20]
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 1.4893–1.4899
石盐 1.516
玻璃片 1.52

[29]

冕牌玻璃(纯净) 1.50–1.54
PETg 1.57
聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET) 1.5750
聚碳酸酯 150 1.60 [30]
冕牌玻璃(不纯净) 1.485–1.755
燧石玻璃(纯净) 1.60–1.62
1.661
燧石玻璃(不纯净) 1.523–1.925
蓝宝石 1.762–1.778
氮化硼 2-2.14 [31]
立方氧化锆 2.15–2.18 [32]
铌酸钾 (KNbO3) 2.28
氧化锌 390 2.4
朱砂 (硫化汞) 3.02
1200 - 8500 3.42–3.48 [33]
磷化镓 3.5
砷化镓 3.927
3000 - 16000 4.05–4.01 [34]

参见

参考资料

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