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斯梅尔问题

维基百科,自由的百科全书

斯梅尔问题(英语:Smale's problems)是美国数学家斯蒂芬·斯梅尔于1998年提出的18个当时未解决的数学问题[1][2]时任国际数学联盟副主席、俄国数学家弗拉基米尔·阿诺尔德当时参照20世纪初希尔伯特的23个问题而向世界上的主要数学家征集面向21世纪的数学问题,斯梅尔便是在此背景下提出了斯梅尔问题,作为对阿诺尔德的答复。

斯梅尔的18个问题

# 问题 进展
1 黎曼猜想 未解决,参见希尔伯特第八问题
2 庞加莱猜想 2003年,格里戈里·佩雷尔曼证明完成[3][4][5]
3 P=NP是否成立? 未解决
4 单变量多项式的整数零点[6][7] 未解决
5 丢番图曲线高度的界 未解决
6 天体力学中相对平衡状态数量的有限性 2012年,A. Albouy与V. Kaloshin证明五个天体相对平衡状态[8]
7 二维球面上点的分布 未解决
8 将动力学引入经济学理论 未解决
9 找出一个强多项式时间的线性规划解法 未解决
10 封闭引理英语Pugh's closing lemma M. Asaoka、K. Irie部分解决[9]
11 一维动力系统一般是否为双曲型? Kozlovski、Shen、van Strien部分解决[10]
12 微分同胚中心化子 Christian Bonatti、Sylvain Crovisier、Amie Wilkinson部分解决[11]
13 希尔伯特第十六问题 未解决
14 洛伦兹吸引子 2001年,沃里克·塔克尔英语Warwick Tucker(Warwick Tucker)证明完成[12]
15 纳维-斯托克斯方程 未解决
16 雅可比猜想 未解决
17 多项式方程组 已解决,C. Beltrán、L. M. Pardo、F. Cucker、P. Bürgisser、P. Lairez各自完成部分证明[13][14][15][16][17]
18 智能的极限[18] 未解决

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Smale, Steve. Mathematical Problems for the Next Century. Mathematical Intelligencer. 1998, 20 (2): 7–15doi=10.1007/bf03025291. 
  2. ^ Smale, Steve. Mathematical problems for the next century. Arnold, V. I.; Atiyah, M.; Lax, P.; Mazur, B. (编). Mathematics: frontiers and perspectives. American Mathematical Society. 1999: 271–294. ISBN 0821820702. 
  3. ^ Perelman, Grigori. The entropy formula for the Ricci flow and its geometric applications. 2002. arXiv:math.DG/0211159可免费查阅 |class=被忽略 (帮助). 
  4. ^ Perelman, Grigori. Ricci flow with surgery on three-manifolds. 2003. arXiv:math.DG/0303109可免费查阅 |class=被忽略 (帮助). 
  5. ^ Perelman, Grigori. Finite extinction time for the solutions to the Ricci flow on certain three-manifolds. 2003. arXiv:math.DG/0307245可免费查阅 |class=被忽略 (帮助). 
  6. ^ Shub, Michael; Smale, Steve. On the intractability of Hilbert’s Nullstellensatz and an algebraic version of "NP≠P?". Duke Math. J. 1995, 81: 47–54. Zbl 0882.03040. doi:10.1215/S0012-7094-95-08105-8. 
  7. ^ Bürgisser, Peter. Completeness and reduction in algebraic complexity theory. Algorithms and Computation in Mathematics 7. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 2000: 141. ISBN 3-540-66752-0. Zbl 0948.68082. 
  8. ^ Albouy, A.; Kaloshin, V. Finiteness of central configurations of five bodies in the plane. Annals of Mathematics. 2012, 176: 535–588. doi:10.4007/annals.2012.176.1.10. 
  9. ^ Asaoka, M.; Irie, K. A C closing lemma for Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of closed surfaces. Geometric and Functional Analysis. 2016, 26: 1245–1254. doi:10.1007/s00039-016-0386-3. 
  10. ^ Kozlovski, O.; Shen, W.; van Strien, S. Density of hyperbolicity in dimension one. Annals of Mathematics. 2007, 166: 145–182. doi:10.4007/annals.2007.166.145. 
  11. ^ Bonatti, C.; Crovisier, S.; Wilkinson, A. The C1-generic diffeomorphism has trivial centralizer. Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS. 2009, 109: 185–244. arXiv:0804.1416可免费查阅. doi:10.1007/s10240-009-0021-z. 
  12. ^ Tucker, Warwick. A Rigorous ODE Solver and Smale's 14th Problem (PDF). Foundations of Computational Mathematics. 2002, 2 (1): 53–117. doi:10.1007/s002080010018. 
  13. ^ Beltrán, Carlos; Pardo, Luis Miguel. On Smale's 17th Problem: A Probabilistic Positive answer (PDF). Foundations of Computational Mathematics. 2008, 8 (1): 1–43 [2018-09-30]. doi:10.1007/s10208-005-0211-0. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-06-07). 
  14. ^ Beltrán, Carlos; Pardo, Luis Miguel. Smale's 17th Problem: Average Polynomial Time to compute affine and projective solutions (PDF). Journal of the American Mathematical Society. 2009, 22: 363–385 [2018-09-30]. Bibcode:2009JAMS...22..363B. doi:10.1090/s0894-0347-08-00630-9. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-06-07). 
  15. ^ Cucker, Felipe; Bürgisser, Peter. On a problem posed by Steve Smale. Annals of Mathematics. 2011, 174 (3): 1785–1836. doi:10.4007/annals.2011.174.3.8. 
  16. ^ Lairez, Pierre. A deterministic algorithm to compute approximate roots of polynomial systems in polynomial average time. Foundations of Computational Mathematics. 2016,. to appear. 
  17. ^ Shub, Michael; Smale, Stephen. Complexity of Bézout's theorem. I. Geometric aspects. J. Amer. Math. Soc. 1993, 6 (2): 459–501. doi:10.2307/2152805. .
  18. ^ http://recursed.blogspot.jp/2006/02/tucson-day-3-interview-with-steve.html页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Friday, February 03, 2006 Tucson - Day 3 - Interview with Steve Smale