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玛莎·P·约翰逊

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玛莎·P·约翰逊
Marsha P. Johnson
出生Malcolm Michaels Jr.[1][2][3][4]
(1945-08-24)1945年8月24日[1][2][3]
美国新泽西州伊丽莎白[5]
逝世1992年7月6日(1992岁—07—06)（46岁）[5]
美国纽约
知名于同性恋解放运动

玛莎·约翰逊（英语：Marsha P. Johnson，1945年8月24日—1992年7月6日）是美国同性恋解放运动[6][7]活动人士、变装皇后打扮者、变性人[8][9] [10]，1969年石墙暴动中的核心人物之一，[6] [11] [12]此外她还是同性恋解放阵线（英语：Gay Liberation Front）和街头易装癖行动革命者（英语：Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries）创始成员。[13]1992年，约翰逊的遗体在哈德逊河被发现。警察最初判断死亡原因为自杀[14]，但约翰逊的友人坚持认为约翰逊是被他杀[15][16]。

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Washington, K.C. Marsha P. Johnson (1945–1992). BlackPast.org（英语：BlackPast.org）. April 9, 2019 [June 30, 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-14）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Sewell Chan. Marsha P. Johnson, a Transgender Pioneer and Activist – The New York Times. The New York Times (Nytimes.com). March 8, 2018 [March 9, 2018]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-28）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Scan of Birth Certificate （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Name: Malcolm Michaels; Sex: Male; Place of Birth: St. Elizabeth Hospital; Date of Birth: August 24, 1945; Registration Date: August 27, 1945; Date of Issue: September 4, 1990. Accessed September 10, 2015.
  4. ^ U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936–2007, Death, Burial, Cemetery & Obituaries: "Michaels, Malcolm Jr [Malcolm Mike Michaels Jr], [M Michae Jr], [Malculm Jr]. …Gender: Male. Race: Black. Birth Date: 24 Aug 1945. Birth Place: Elizabeth, Union, New Jersey [Elizabeth, New Jersey]. Death Date: Jul 1992. Database on-line. Provo, UT, US: Ancestry.com"
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Chan 2018.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Kasino 2012.
  7. ^ I've been involved in gay liberation ever since it first started in 1969, 15:20 into the interview, Johnson is quoted as saying this.
  8. ^ 誰「有權」訴說黑人女變性者的故事？. BBC. [2020-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-26）. 
  9. ^ Feinberg, Leslie. Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries. 工人世界党. September 24, 2006 [July 15, 2017]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-09）. Stonewall combatants Sylvia Rivera and Marsha "Pay It No Mind" Johnson... Both were self-identified drag queens. 
  10. ^ Two Transgender Activists Are Getting a Monument in New York. May 29, 2019 [2020-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-30）. 'I was no one, nobody, from Nowheresville, until I became a drag queen,' Ms. Johnson said in 1992. 
  11. ^ Carter, David. Stonewall: The Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution. St. Martin's. 2004: 64, 261, 298. ISBN 0-312-20025-0. 
  12. ^ Making Gay History: Episode 11 – Johnson & Wicker. 1987 [July 6, 2017]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-02）. 
  13. ^ Giffney, Noreen. Queering the Non/Human. December 28, 2012: 252 [July 9, 2017]. ISBN 9781409491408. （原始内容存档于2020-07-01）. 
  14. ^ Feinberg, Leslie. Transgender Warriors: Making History from Joan of Arc to Dennis Rodman. 波士顿: Beacon Press（英语：Beacon Press）. 1996: 131. ISBN 0-8070-7941-3. 
  15. ^ Wicker, Randolfe (1992) "Bennie Toney 1992".  Accessed July 26, 2015.
  16. ^ Wicker, Randolfe (1992) "Marsha P Johnson – People's Memorial".  Accessed July 26, 2015.

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