科索沃战役 (1389年)
科索沃战役 | |||||||
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奥斯曼帝国于欧洲的征战的一部分 | |||||||
![]() 由Adam Stefanović于1870年画的油画《科索沃战役》 | |||||||
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参战方 | |||||||
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指挥官与领导者 | |||||||
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兵力 | |||||||
27,000–30,000人 更高估计为40,000人[8] |
12,000/15,000–20,00人 更高估计为25,000人 | ||||||
伤亡与损失 | |||||||
非常惨重[1][9] | 非常惨重[1][10] |
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科索沃战役(塞尔维亚语:Косовски бој或Бој на Косову)发生于1389年6月28日(旧历6月15日),为一场奥斯曼帝国与塞尔维亚及波斯尼亚之间的战役。
这场战争的历史真确度仍然只是一个推测的结果,战役的详情只有很少或自相矛盾的证据证实。大部分的历史学家觉得唯一能相信的就是这是奥斯曼入侵者与早已住于该地的人所发生的一次冲突。此战被认为是奥斯曼帝国的立国之战,雄踞巴尔干半岛一时塞尔维亚王国战败成为奥斯曼帝国的附属国。
在塞尔维亚,围绕科索沃战役产生了一系列的故事,通过民间文学和音乐流传下来,即科索沃神话。
参注
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 (Fine 1994,p.410)
Thus since the Turks also withdrew, one can conclude that the battle was a draw.
- ^ (Emmert 1990,p.?)
Surprisingly enough, it is not even possible to know with certainty from the extant contemporary material whether one or the other side was victorious on the field. There is certainly little to indicate that it was a great Serbian defeat; and the earliest reports of the conflict suggest, on the contrary, that the Christian forces had won.
- ^ Waley, Daniel; Denley, Peter. Later Medieval Europe: 1250-1520. Routledge. 2013: 255. ISBN 978-1-317-89018-8.
The outcome of the battle itself was inconclusive.
- ^ Oliver, Ian. War and Peace in the Balkans: The Diplomacy of Conflict in the Former Yugoslavia. I.B.Tauris. 2005: vii. ISBN 978-1-85043-889-2.
Losses on both sides were appalling and the outcome inconclusive although the Serbs never fully recovered.
- ^ Binns, John. An Introduction to the Christian Orthodox Churches. Cambridge University Press. 2002: 197. ISBN 978-0-521-66738-8.
The battle is remembered as a heroic defeat, but historical evidence suggests an inconclusive draw.
- ^ 引用错误:没有为名为
Fine-1994-409-11
的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 引用错误:没有为名为
Petta123
的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 引用错误:没有为名为
Cox30
的参考文献提供内容 - ^ Emmert 1991,第4页.
- ^ Humphreys 2013,第46页.
外部链接
- The Kosovo Battle, Excerpts from various Encyclopediæ
- The events Surrounding the Battle of Kosovo 1389 and its cultural effect on the Serbian people (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) by Mark Gottfried
- The Battle of Kosovo: Early Reports of Victory and Defeat (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) by Thomas Emmert
- The Kosovo Legacy (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) by Thomas Emmert
- The Battle of Kosovo Serbian Epic Poems (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) edited by Charles Simic
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