用户:Michael Chan/沙盒
台风(日本) | |
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四级台风(美国) | |
![]() 于7月13日达至顶峰强度的夏浪 | |
形成 | 2002年7月5日 |
消散 | 2002年7月19日 |
(2002年7月16日起转变成温带气旋) | |
最高风速 | 10分钟持续: 155公里/小时(100英里/小时) 1分钟持续: 250公里/小时(155英里/小时) |
最低气压 | 945百帕(毫巴);27.91英寸汞柱 |
死亡 | 10 total |
损失 | $8980万(2002年美元) |
影响地区 | 关岛、菲律宾、日本 |
2002年太平洋台风季的一部分 |
台风夏浪是2002年太平洋台风季第7个被命名的热带气旋,在一周前台风查特安重创关岛后不久,气旋再从关岛南面海域吹袭该处。7月5日夏浪在马绍尔群岛附近形成,向西北移动并逐步增强。7月10日,夏浪以热带风暴强度横过关岛南面海域,造成巨浪和猛烈风力。夏浪阻碍了关岛对台风查特安的救灾,延长关岛停电的时间,但实际对该岛的破坏甚微。
吹袭关岛后,夏浪快速增强至顶峰强度。7月14日,气旋转向东北及显著减弱,但在经过冲绳县附近时仍导致大范围的停电。系统在7月16日为日本东南部带来狂风暴雨,导致1死9伤和$8980万美元(103亿日元)[nb 1]损失。7月16日,夏浪转化为温带气旋,翌日消散。此外夏浪引进的季风槽还对菲律宾造成水浸和死伤。
气象历史
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Halong_2002_track.png/275px-Halong_2002_track.png)
7月上旬,埃内韦塔克环礁附近的季风槽发展出一股伴随有对流的环流。该环流大致停留不动[1]或缓慢向西南推进[2]。系统快速组织[1],日本气象厅认定系统于7月6日在马绍尔群岛附近增强为热带低气压[3],联合台风警报中心亦跳过热带气旋形成警报,直接在7月7日0时把该系统升格为热带低气压[2]。当日较后时间,日本气象厅把系统升级为热带风暴,命名为夏浪,此时夏浪位于楚克群岛附近[3]。夏浪在北面高压脊的引导下向西北偏西推进,期间缓慢增强,不过深层对流持续卷入中心,7月9日早些时候,日本气象厅把夏浪升为强烈热带风暴[3],联合台风警报中心在12时把夏浪升为台风,此时夏浪已抵达关岛东南偏东420公里[1]。
于接近关岛期间,夏浪的组织继续好转,发展出风眼和层次分别的雨带。7月10日,夏浪采取近乎正西的路线,在关岛南面140公里掠过,当时联合台风警报中心评估夏浪的风速为每小时165公里[1],惟日本气象厅仍维持“强烈热带风暴”的强度评级直到18时才把夏浪升为台风[3]。但受制于西风槽带来垂直风切变,以及北面弱高压脊抑制极地方向流出,夏浪暂时未能进一步发展,对流有所减弱。直到7月11日较后时间,夏浪才重新增强,雷暴活动增加[1]。7月13日早些时间,随着夏浪打开清晰可见、直径63公里的风眼,联合台风警报中心把夏浪升级为超级台风。夏浪在当日达到最高强度,热带风暴程度风力从气旋中心伸延至415公里外的地方。[1]。
夏浪持续向西北移向冲绳,但因应垂直风切变增加,风暴迅速减弱,风眼崩溃[1]。夏浪在7月14日12时横过冲绳上空,中心附近最高持续风速每小时130公里[3]。此时夏浪沿着减弱的高压脊转向北移,再折向东北[1],受到干冷空气和持续存在的垂直风切变的共同影响[2],系统的对流消逝。7月15日早些时候,夏浪减弱为热带风暴,联合台风警报中心之后发布最后警报。夏浪继续向东北影响日本,联合台风警报中心表示系统转化为温带气旋,日本气象厅则继续追踪该系统。夏浪横过日本本州的伊豆半岛和房总半岛,7月16日,日本气象厅表示夏浪转化为温带气旋。夏浪继续向东北推进,于7月18日横过国际换日线后日本气象厅停止追踪[3]。
影响
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Typhoon_Halong_15_july_2002_0240Z.jpg/220px-Typhoon_Halong_15_july_2002_0240Z.jpg)
于台风查特安吹袭关岛造成6千万美元捐失后一周[4],关岛再受夏浪威胁。关岛和北马里亚纳群岛所有航空停飞,官方部门建议低洼地区居民撤离[5] While passing to the south, Halong produced waves as high as 6 m (20 ft) in Inarajan。夏浪在吹袭关岛的前一天南压,最终在关岛南面140公里掠过[1]。海浪导致关岛南部沿岸海岸侵蚀[4] and were higher than during Chataan's passage.[1] The typhoon produced peak sustained winds of 69 km/h (43 mph), with gusts to 90 km/h (56 mph); both observations were recorded at Guam's National Weather Service. Damage on the island was estimated at $40,000.[4] The storm disrupted work to repair damage from Chataan.[6] Portions of the island, including Guam Memorial Hospital, had their power restored after Chataan, only to lose electricity during Halong.[7] The additional damage caused by Halong contributed to Governor Carl T.C. Gutierrez declaring the island as a state of emergency on July 22, which activated the Guam National Guard.[8]
While passing northeast of the Philippines, Halong enhanced the monsoon, and combined with the effects from previous typhoons Rammasun and Chataan, as well as Severe Tropical Storm Nakri, there were 85 deaths, with 45 people injured in the Philippines.[9] About ten of the deaths were estimated to have been caused by Halong.[10] The combined damage in the country totaled $10.3 million (₱522 million 2002 PHP).[nb 2][9]
In Japan, Halong dropped heavy rainfall that peaked at 362 mm(14.3英寸) in Nagano Prefecture. The highest rainfall in Okinawa was 258 mm(10.2英寸). Near Tokyo, a station recorded winds of 112 km/h (69 mph),[12] although winds gusted to 183 km/h (114 mph) at Kadena Air Base on Okinawa.[1] In the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, including Okinawa, Halong left more than 48,800 houses without power due to the strong winds. Officials canceled bus service in Naze, Kagoshima during the storm.[13] Throughout the country, the typhoon destroyed six houses and damaged 223 others to varying degrees. Halong also flooded 301 houses,[12] forcing about 4,000 people to evacuate their homes, many along rivers.[14] Officials canceled 54 airline flights,[15] 10 of them international,[14] and due to the storm, 171 schools were closed.[15] In Sendai, Halong damaged roads in 550 locations and railroads in seven locations. Nine levees were breached, and there were at least 270 landslides.[16] Damage totaled $89.8 million (¥10.3 billion 2002 JPY) across the country, mostly from agriculture.[nb 3][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] During its passage, the typhoon injured nine people, one of them severely,[12] and there was one death.[16]
See also
Notes
- ^ 本条目所有货币均以2002年计算
- ^ The total was originally reported in Philippine pesos. Total converted via the Oanda Corporation website.[11]
- ^ The total was originally reported in Yen. Total converted via the Oanda Corporation website.[11]
References
- ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Gary Padgett. Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary July 2002. 2002 [2012-10-07].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Super Typhoon (TY) 10W (Halong) (PDF) (报告). United States Navy. [2012-10-02].
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2002 (PDF) (报告). Japan Meteorological Agency. 13. [2012-08-27]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-10-14).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Angel, William; Hinson, Stuart; Mooring, Rhonda. Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena with Late Reports and Corrections (PDF). Storm Data (报告) 44 (National Climatic Data Center). November 2002: 142, 145–149. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-08-12).
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被忽略 (帮助) - ^ Guam and Northern Marianas prepare for Typhoon Halong. Radio New Zealand International. 2002-07-10 [2012-10-09].
- ^ Typhoon Halong spares Guam. The Weather Channel. Associated Press. 2002-07-11 [2012-10-09]. (原始内容存档于2002-09-27).
- ^ Theresa Merto. Guam Power Authority Lines up Priorities, Crews Work to Connect Shelters, 911 Center. ReliefWeb. Pacific Daily News. 2002-07-12 [2012-10-09].
- ^ Carl T.C. Gutierrez. Executive Order No. 2002-18 (PDF) (报告). Government of Guam. 2002-07-22 [2012-10-09]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-11-08).
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Typhoon "Florita" (报告). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. [2012-09-24]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-28).
- ^ Guy Carpenter. Tropical Cyclone Review 2002 (PDF) (报告). Marsh & McLennan Companies: 21. 2003-01-30 [2012-10-09]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-05-16).
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Historical Exchange Rates. Oanda Corporation. 2012 [2012-08-31].
- ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Digital Typhoon. Typhoon 200207 (Halong) - Disaster Information (报告). [2012-10-09].
- ^ Second typhoon threatens Japan. CNN.com. 2002-07-15. – 通过Lexis Nexis
- ^ 14.0 14.1 Storm fades as Japan recovers. CNN.com. 2002-07-16. – 通过Lexis Nexis
- ^ 15.0 15.1 Weather Disaster Report (2002-662-06) (报告). Digital Typhoon. [2012-10-09].
- ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Weather Disaster Report (2002-590-06) (报告). Digital Typhoon. [2012-10-09].
- ^ Weather Disaster Report (2002-582-01) (报告). Digital Typhoon. [2012-10-09].
- ^ Weather Disaster Report (2002-604-16) (报告). Digital Typhoon. [2012-10-09].
- ^ Weather Disaster Report (2002-616-14) (报告). Digital Typhoon. [2012-10-09].
- ^ Weather Disaster Report (2002-936-06) (报告). Digital Typhoon. [2012-10-09].
- ^ Weather Disaster Report (2002-827-06) (报告). Digital Typhoon. [2012-10-09].
- ^ Weather Disaster Report (2002-893-06) (报告). Digital Typhoon. [2012-10-09].
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