蝲蛄科
美螯蝦科
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| 克氏原螯蝦 | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| 亞門： | 甲殼亞門 Crustacea |
| 綱： | 軟甲綱 Malacostraca |
| 目： | 十足目 Decapoda |
| 亞目： | 抱卵亞目 Pleocyemata |
| 下目： | 螯蝦下目 Astacidea |
| 總科： | 螯蝦總科 Astacoidea |
| 科： | 螯蝦科 Cambaridae Hobbs, 1942 |
| 屬 | |
蝲蛄科（學名：Cambaridae）也稱螯蝦科，是十足目下的一個科，亦是淡水龍蝦三個科之中最大的一個，包含有超過400個物種[1]。屬該科物種體型略似龍蝦而較小，在部分地區被稱為小龍蝦。頭胸部較長，呈長卵圓形。前三對步足都有螯，第一對特別發達。大部份分布於北美洲大分水嶺以東，少部份分布於東亞、日本等地。棲息山溪和附近河川中。是肺吸蟲中間宿主，捕食時要注意，不能生食[2]。
根據一項2006年發表的分子研究，蝲蛄科很大可能是一個並系群，包含了雕蝦科（Astacidae）整個科，而Cambaroides的地位仍然未定[3]。
與「小龍蝦」的關係
蝲蛄科包含著名的網路謠言中指的污水處理專家克氏原螯蝦（小龍蝦一般指它，也指包括克氏原螯蝦和東北黑螯蝦的所有淡水龍蝦）。
下屬分類
本科包括以下屬：[4]
- Barbicambarus Hobbs, 1969
- Bouchardina Hobbs, 1977
- 侏儒螯蝦屬 Cambarellus Ortmann, 1905
- 擬螯蝦屬 Cambaroides ：原產東亞
- 鰲蝦屬 Cambarus Erichson, 1846，蝲蛄屬
- Creaserinus Hobbs, 1973
- Distocambarus Hobbs, 1981
- Fallicambarus Hobbs, 1969
- Fallicambarus devastator Hobbs & Whiteman, 1987
- Fallicambarus dissitus (Penn, 1955)
- Fallicambarus harpi Hobbs & Robison, 1985
- Fallicambarus houstonensis Johnson, 2008
- Fallicambarus jeanae Hobbs, 1973
- Fallicambarus kountzeae Johnson, 2008
- Fallicambarus macneesei (Black, 1967)
- Fallicambarus petilicarpus Hobbs & Robison, 1989
- Fallicambarus schusteri Taylor & Robinson, 2016[5]
- Fallicambarus strawni (Reimer, 1966)
- Fallicambarus tenuis (Hobbs, 1950)
- Fallicambarus wallsi Johnson, 2011
- Faxonella Creaser, 1933
- Faxonius Ortmann, 1905
- Faxonius acares (Fitzpatrick, 1965)
- Faxonius alabamensis (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius alluvius (Simon & McMurray, 2014)
- Faxonius barrenensis (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius bellator Bloom, McCall, Schuster & Blanton, 2019
- Faxonius bisectus (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius burri (Taylor & Sabaj, 1998)
- Faxonius carolinensis (J.E.Cooper & M.R.Cooper, 1995)
- Faxonius castaneus (Johnson, 2010)
- Faxonius causeyi (Jester, 1967)
- Faxonius chickasawae (M.R.Cooper & Hobbs, 1980)
- Faxonius compressus (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius cooperi (M.R.Cooper & Hobbs, 1980)
- Faxonius cristavarius (Taylor, 2000)
- Faxonius cyanodigitus (Johnson, 2010)
- Faxonius deanae (Reimer & Jester, 1975)
- Faxonius difficilis (Faxon, 1898)
- Faxonius durelli (R.W.Bouchard & J.W.Bouchard, 1995)
- Faxonius elix Couch & Hayes, 2022
- Faxonius erichsonianus (Faxon, 1898)
- Faxonius etnieri (R.W.Bouchard & J.W.Bouchard, 1976)
- Faxonius eupunctus (Williams, 1952)
- Faxonius forceps (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius harrisonii (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius hartfieldi (Fitzpatrick & Suttkus, 1992)
- Faxonius hathawayi (Penn, 1952)
- Faxonius hobbsi (Penn, 1950)
- Faxonius holti (M.R.Cooper & Hobbs, 1980)
- Faxonius hylas (Faxon, 1890)
- Faxonius illinoiensis (Brown, 1956)
- Faxonius immunis (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius indianensis (Hay, 1896)
- Faxonius jeffersoni (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius jonesi (Fitzpatrick, 1992)
- Faxonius juvenilis (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius kentuckiensis (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius lancifer (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius leptogonopodus (Hobbs, 1948)
- Faxonius limosus (Rafinesque, 1817)
- Faxonius longidigitus (Faxon, 1898)
- Faxonius luteus Creaser, 1933
- Faxonius macrus (Williams, 1952)
- Faxonius maletae (Walls, 1972)
- Faxonius marchandi (Hobbs, 1948)
- Faxonius margorectus (Taylor, 2002)
- Faxonius medius (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius meeki (Faxon, 1898)
- Faxonius menae Creaser, 1933
- Faxonius mirus (Ortmann, 1931)
- Faxonius mississippiensis (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius nais (Faxon, 1885)
- Faxonius nana (Williams, 1952)
- Faxonius neglectus (Faxon, 1885)
- Faxonius obscurus (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius occidentalis (Johnson, 2010)
- Faxonius ozarkae (Williams, 1952)
- Faxonius pagei (Taylor & Sabaj, 1997)
- Faxonius palmeri (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius pardalotus (Wetzel, Poly & Fetzner, 2005)
- Faxonius perfectus (Walls, 1972)
- Faxonius peruncus (Creaser, 1931)
- Faxonius placidus (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius propinquus (Girard, 1852)
- Faxonius punctimanus Creaser, 1933
- Faxonius putnami (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius quadruncus Creaser, 1933
- Faxonius quinebaugensis (Mathews & Warren, 2008)
- Faxonius rafinesquei (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius raymondi (Thoma & Stocker, 2009)
- Faxonius rhoadesi (Hobbs, 1949)
- Faxonius roberti Fetzner Jr. & Taylor, 2018[6]
- Faxonius ronaldi (Taylor, 2000)
- Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852)
- Faxonius sanbornii (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius saxatilis (R.W.Bouchard & J.W.Bouchard, 1976)
- Faxonius shoupi (Hobbs, 1948)
- Faxonius sloanii (Bundy, 1876)
- Faxonius spinosus (Bundy, 1877)
- Faxonius stannardi (Page, 1985)
- Faxonius stygocaneyi (Hobbs Iii, 2001)
- Faxonius taylori (Schuster, 2008)
- Faxonius texanus (Johnson, 2010)
- Faxonius theaphionensis (Simon, Timm & Morris, 2005)
- Faxonius transfuga (Fitzpatrick, 1966)
- Faxonius tricuspis (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius validus (Faxon, 1914)
- Faxonius virginiensis (Hobbs, 1951)
- Faxonius virilis (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius wagneri Fetzner Jr. & Taylor, 2018[6]
- Faxonius williamsi (Fitzpatrick, 1966)
- Faxonius wrighti (Hobbs, 1948)
- Faxonius yanahlindus (Taylor, Rhoden & Schuster, 2016)
- Hobbseus Fitzpatrick & Payne, 1968
- 窪河龍蝦屬 Lacunicambarus Hobbs, 1969
- 叉肢螯蝦屬 Orconectes Cope, 1872
- Palaeocambarus Taylor, Schram & Shen, 1999
- Paleocambararus Taylor et al., 1999
- 原蝲蛄屬 Procambarus Ortmann, 1905：含克氏原螯蝦
- 洞居蝲蛄屬 Troglocambarus Hobbs, 1942
- Tubericambarus Jezerinac, 1993
參考文獻
- ^ James W. Fetzner, Jr. Family Cambaridae Hobbs, 1942. Crayfish Taxon Browser. Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 2005-05-09 [2013-11-20]. （原始內容存檔於2013-08-27） （中文（繁體））.
- ^ 夏征農, 羅竹風, 馬飛海, 等. 辭海[M]. 北京: 商務印書館, 2000: 1, 2252.
- ^ A. Braband, T. Kawai & G. Scholtz. The phylogenetic position of the East Asian freshwater crayfish Cambaroides within the Northern Hemisphere Astacoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Astacida) based on molecular data. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research (abstract). 2006, 44 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00338.x.
- ^ Cambaridae. GBIF. [2023-05-23]. （原始內容存檔於2023-07-11）.
- ^ Christopher A. Taylor and Henry W. Robison. 2016. A New Burrowing Crayfish of the Genus Fallicambarus Hobbs, 1969 (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Red River Drainage of the southcentral United States. Zootaxa. 4144(4).4; 575–583. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.4.7
- ^ 6.0 6.1 James W. Jr. Fetzner and Christopher A. Taylor. 2018. Two New Species of Freshwater Crayfish of the Genus Faxonius (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Missouri. Zootaxa. 4399(4); 491–520. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.4.2
