麻疯树属

麻瘋樹屬
	全緣葉珊瑚 Jatropha integerrima
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支：	蔷薇类植物 Rosids
目：	金虎尾目 Malpighiales
科：	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae
亚科：	巴豆亚科 Crotonoideae
族：	麻瘋樹族 Jatropheae
属：	麻瘋樹屬 Jatropha; L., 1753
物種
	約170個，見文中。

麻疯树属（学名：Jatropha）也称麻风树属，是大戟科下大戟屬被子植物的一个属。它包含约170多种植物，为多肉植物、灌木和树木（有些为落叶植物，如桐油树）。该属分布于热带和亚热带地区。^[2]其中大部分原产于美洲，在旧大陆有66种^[3]。植物生产单独的雄花和雌花。与大戟科的许多成员一样，麻风树含有剧毒的化合物。传统上，麻风树品种已用于制篮，制革和染料生产。在2000年代，一种麻疯树桐油树（Jatropha curcas）引起了作为生物柴油生产的油料作物的兴趣。

属名Jatropha源于希腊语itros（医生）和trophe（食物）的合成词，指本属植物多为药用。

物种

本属包括以下物种：

Jatropha acanthophylla Loefgr.
Jatropha aceroides (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Hutch.
Jatropha aculeatissima Colla
Jatropha aethiopica Müll.Arg.
Jatropha afrotuberosa Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts
Jatropha alamanii Müll.Arg.
Jatropha andrieuxii Müll.Arg.
Jatropha angustidens Brandegee, 1891
Jatropha angustifolia Griseb.
Jatropha angustifolia Steud.
Jatropha arborea Glaz.
Jatropha aspleniifolia Pax
Jatropha atacorensis A.Chev.
Jatropha augusti Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha bartlettii Wilbur
Jatropha baumii Pax
锦珊瑚 Jatropha berlandieri Torr., 1859，为Jatropha cathartica Terán & Berland.的异名
Jatropha botswanica Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha breviloba (Morong) Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha brockmanii Hutch.
Jatropha bullockii E.J.Lott
Jatropha calcarea Fern.Casas
Jatropha calyculata Vahl ex Steud.
Jatropha campestris S.Moore
Jatropha canescens (Benth.) Müll.Arg.
Jatropha capensis (L.f.) Sond.
Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Müll.Arg.
Jatropha cathartica Terán & Berland.
Jatropha catingae Ule
Jatropha chamelensis Pérez-Jim.
Jatropha chazaroi O.Sanchez, J.Jimenez Ram. & Arzaba, 2023
Jatropha chevalieri Beille
Jatropha ciliata Sessé
Jatropha cinerea (Ortega) Müll.Arg.
Jatropha clavuligera Müll.Arg.
Jatropha cleomifolia Müll.Arg., 1874
Jatropha cluytioides Pax & K.Hoffm., 1910
Jatropha collina Thulin
Jatropha confusa Hutch.
Jatropha contrerasii J.Jiménez Ram. & Mart.Gord.
Jatropha conzattii J.Jiménez Ram.
Jatropha cordata (Ortega) Müll.Arg.
Jatropha costaricensis G.L.Webster & Poveda
Jatropha crinita Müll.Arg.
Jatropha cuneata Wiggins & Rollins
桐油树 Jatropha curcas L.，麻风树
Jatropha decipiens M.E.Jones
Jatropha decumbens Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha dehganii J.Jiménez Ram.
Jatropha dhofarica Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha dichtar J.F.Macbr.
Jatropha dioica Sessé
Jatropha dioica Sessé ex Cerv.
Jatropha dissecta (Chodat & Hassl.) Pax
Jatropha divaricata Sw.
Jatropha diversifolia Steud.
Jatropha elbae J.Jiménez Ram.
Jatropha ellenbeckii Pax
Jatropha elliptica (Pohl) Oken
Jatropha elliptica Müll.Arg., 1874
Jatropha erythropoda Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha euarguta M.G.Gilbert & Thulin
Jatropha excisa Griseb.
Jatropha fischeri Steud.
Jatropha fremontioides Standl.
Jatropha gallabatensis Schweinf.
Jatropha galvanii J.Jiménez Ram. & L.M.Contr.
Jatropha gaumeri Greenm.
Jatropha giffordiana Dehgan & G.L.Webster
Jatropha glandulifera Roxb.
Jatropha glauca Vahl
Jatropha glaucovirens Pax & K.Hoffm.
棉叶珊瑚花 Jatropha gossypiifolia L.
Jatropha grossidentata Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha guaranitica Speg.
Jatropha hastata Griseb.
Jatropha hernandiifolia Vent.
Jatropha heynei N.P.Balakr.
Jatropha hieronymi Kuntze
Jatropha hildebrandtii Pax
Jatropha hildebrandtii Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha hippocastanifolia Croizat
Jatropha hirsuta Hochst.
Jatropha horizontalis M.G.Gilbert
Jatropha humboldtiana McVaugh
Jatropha humifusa Thulin
Jatropha hypogyna Radcl.-Sm. & Thulin
Jatropha inaequispina Thulin
琴叶珊瑚 Jatropha integerrima Jacq.
Jatropha intermedia (Chodat & Hassl.) Pax
Jatropha isabellei Müll.Arg.
Jatropha jaimejimenezii V.W.Steinm.
Jatropha kamerunica Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha krusei J.Jiménez Ram. & Mart.Gord.
Jatropha laciniosa Mart., 1874
Jatropha lagarinthoides Sond.
Jatropha latifolia Pax
Jatropha loeflingii Aresch.
Jatropha longibracteata A.S.Moreira & Carn.-Torres, 2020^[4]
Jatropha loristipula Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha macrantha Müll.Arg.
Jatropha macrocarpa Griseb.
Jatropha macrophylla Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha macrorhiza Benth.
Jatropha mahafalensis Jum. & H.Perrier
Jatropha maheshwarii Subram. & M.P.Nayar
Jatropha malacophylla Standl.
Jatropha marginata Chiov.
Jatropha marmorata Thulin
Jatropha martiusii (Pohl) Baill.
Jatropha mcvaughii Dehgan & G.L.Webster
Jatropha melanosperma Pax
Jatropha microdonta Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha mirandana J.Jiménez Ram. & K.Vega
Jatropha miskatensis Thulin
Jatropha mollis Pax
Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill.
Jatropha moluccana Wall., 1847
Jatropha monroi S.Moore
Jatropha moranii Dehgan & G.L.Webster
珊瑚花 Jatropha multifida L.，红珊瑚
Jatropha mutabilis (Pohl) Baill.
Jatropha nana Dalzell & A.Gibson
Jatropha napaeifolia Desr., 1797
Jatropha natalensis Müll.Arg.
Jatropha neopauciflora Pax
Jatropha neriifolia Müll.Arg.
Jatropha nibifolia Baill.
Jatropha nogalensis Chiov.
Jatropha nudicaulis Benth.
Jatropha oaxacana J.Jiménez Ram. & R.Torres
Jatropha obbiadensis Chiov.
Jatropha oblanceolata Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha orangeana Dinter ex P.G.Mey.
Jatropha ortegae Standl.
Jatropha osteocarpa Schott ex Pohl, 1827
Jatropha pachypoda Pax
Jatropha pachyrrhiza Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha paganuccii A.S.Moreira & Carn.-Torres, 2020^[4]
Jatropha palmatifida Baker
Jatropha palmatipartita Dehgan
Jatropha palustris Sessé & Moc.
Jatropha panduraefolia Andri
Jatropha paradoxa (Chiov.) Chiov.
Jatropha pauciflora C.Wright ex Griseb.
Jatropha paviaefolia Steud., 1840
Jatropha paxii Croizat
Jatropha pedersenii Lourteig
Jatropha peiranoi Lourteig & O'Donell
Jatropha pelargoniifolia Courbon
Jatropha peltata Sessé
Jatropha pereziae J.Jiménez Ram.
Jatropha phillipseae Rendle
佛肚树 Jatropha podagrica Hook.
Jatropha prunifolia Pax
Jatropha prunifolia Pax ex Engl.
Jatropha pseudocurcas Müll.Arg.
Jatropha purpura Rose & Pax
Jatropha purpurea Rose
Jatropha purpureorostata Steud., 1840
Jatropha ribifolia (Pohl) Baill.
Jatropha riojae Miranda
Jatropha rivae Pax
Jatropha robecchii Pax
Jatropha rosea Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha rufescens Brandegee
Jatropha rzedowskii J.Jiménez Ram.
Jatropha scaposa Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha schlechteri Pax
Jatropha schweinfurthii Pax
Jatropha seineri Pax
Jatropha somalensis Pax
Jatropha sotoi-nunyezii Fern.Casas & E.Martínez
Jatropha spicata Pax
Jatropha spinosa Vahl
Jatropha spinosissima Thulin
Jatropha standleyi Steyerm.
Jatropha standleyi Steyerm. ex Standl., 1940
Jatropha stephani J.Jiménez Ram. & Mart.Gord.
Jatropha stevensii G.L.Webster
Jatropha stipulacea Müll.Arg.
Jatropha stuhlmannii Pax
Jatropha subaequiloba Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha sympetala S.F.Blake & Standl.
Jatropha tanjorensis J.L.Ellis & Saroja
Jatropha tehuantepecana J.Jiménez Ram. & A.Campos Vilb.
Jatropha tenuicaulis Thulin
Jatropha tertiaria Berry, 1929
Jatropha tetracantha Chiov.
Jatropha tirucalli L.
Jatropha tlalcozotitlanensis J.Jiménez Ram.
Jatropha trifida Chiov.
Jatropha tropaeolifolia Pax
Jatropha tupifolia Griseb.
Jatropha uncinulata Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha unicostata Balf.f.
Jatropha urens Kunth, 1817
Jatropha variabilis Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha variegata Vahl
Jatropha variifolia Pax
Jatropha velutina Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha vernicosa Brandegee
Jatropha villosa Wight
Jatropha viminea Retz. ex Steud.
Jatropha weberbaueri Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha websteri J.Jiménez Ram.
Jatropha weddeliana Baill.
Jatropha woodii Kuntze
Jatropha zeyheri Sond.

杂交种：

Jatropha ×ceballosii Fern.Casas
Jatropha ×hastifolia Fern.Casas

归入本属的物种：

Adenoropium coccinea Steud., 1840
Adenoropium forskohlii Pohl
Curcas adansonii Endl. ex Heynh., 1846

图片

在尼加拉瓜，马那瓜，El Crucero的麻风树multifida花。
在尼加拉瓜，马那瓜，El Crucero的麻风树multifida植物。
在尼加拉瓜，马那瓜，El Crucero的麻风树multifida花与蓝色蝴蝶。
在尼加拉瓜，马那瓜，El Crucero的麻风树multifida花和叶子。
Jatropha integerrima
珊瑚油桐
Jatropha pandurifolia
珊瑚油桐的特写

参考文献

^ Genus: Jatropha L. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05 [2010-08-13]. （原始内容存档于2010-05-28）.
^ 中国种子植物科属词典. 中国数字植物标本馆. [2012-04-10]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-11）.
^ Heller, Joachim. Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops Volume 1: Physic Nut, Jatropha Curcas L.. Bioversity International. 1996: 7. ISBN 9789290432784.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Ariane dos Santos Moreira, José Florencio Cerqueira Oliveira, Inês Cordeiro and Daniela Santos Carneiro Torres. 2020. Two New Species of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) from Limestone Outcrops in Brazilian Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests. Phytotaxa. 451(1); 73–82. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.451.1.6

[GRIN-1] Genus: Jatropha L. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05 [2010-08-13]. （原始内容存档于2010-05-28）.

[2] 中国种子植物科属词典. 中国数字植物标本馆. [2012-04-10]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-11）.

[3] Heller, Joachim. Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops Volume 1: Physic Nut, Jatropha Curcas L.. Bioversity International. 1996: 7. ISBN 9789290432784.

[Ariane-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Ariane dos Santos Moreira, José Florencio Cerqueira Oliveira, Inês Cordeiro and Daniela Santos Carneiro Torres. 2020. Two New Species of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) from Limestone Outcrops in Brazilian Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests. Phytotaxa. 451(1); 73–82. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.451.1.6

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