牛生長激素
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牛生長激素(英語:bovine somatotropin或bovine growth hormone,縮寫bST、BST或BGH)是牛腦垂體分泌的一種肽類激素,用於調節代謝過程、促進動物生長。研究發現將BST注入母牛體內可以增加其產奶量。[1]
自1970年代基因泰克發現了控制合成BST的基因後[2],使用重組DNA技術人工合成重組牛生長激素(英語:recombinant bovine somatotropin或recombinant bovine growth hormone,縮寫rBST或rBGH)成為了可能。此後,孟山都、美國氰氨公司、禮來公司、普強公司等大型企業相繼開發開發出了商用rBST並提交美國食品與藥品管理局審核。[3][4]孟山都是其中最早獲得批准的公司。除美國外,墨西哥、巴西、印度、俄羅斯等數十個國家也都批准了rBST的商用。[5]
不過,加拿大、澳大利亞、新西蘭、日本、以色列、歐盟、阿根廷等國家地區則禁止了市場上的rBST。
美國食品與藥品管理局[6]、世界衛生組織[4]、國立衛生研究院[7]等機構聲稱使用rBST的奶產品及肉類對人類是安全的。不過在美國,由於部分公眾的疑慮,一些生產廠家會在牛奶上貼上「不含rBST」的標籤。[8][9][10][11]
參見
參考文獻
- ^ Charlotte P. Brennand, PhD, Extension Food Safety Specialist. Bovine Somatotropin in Milk (PDF). [2011-03-06]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-03-04).
- ^ Keith Schneider. 10 June 1990. "Betting the Farm on Biotech." (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). the New York Times
- ^ Bijman, J. (1996), "Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin in Europe and the USA." Biotechnology and Development Monitor, No. 27, p. 2-5.[1] (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Bovine Somatotropin. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives Monograph [2] (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- ^ William D. Dobson. June 1996 The BST Case (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). University of Wisconsin-Madison Agricultural and Applied Economics Staff Paper Series No.397
- ^ Report on the Food and Drug Administration's Review of the Safety of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin. 1999 [2009-05-02]. (原始內容存檔於2016-08-23).
- ^ Bovine Somatotropin. NIH State of the Science Statements. National Institutes of Health. [2015-01-19]. (原始內容存檔於2020-11-30).
- ^ Safeway milk free of bovine hormone. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Associated Press. 22 January 2007 [2008-04-04]. (原始內容存檔於2020-01-25).
- ^ North, R. Safeway & Chipotle Chains Dropping Milk & Dairy Derived from Monsanto's Bovine Growth Hormone. Oregon Physicians for Social Responsibility. 10 January 2007 [2008-01-29]. (原始內容存檔於2014-10-03).
- ^ Kroger to complete transition to certified rBST-free milk by early 2008 (press release). Kroger. 2007 [2008-01-29]. (原始內容存檔於2019-08-30).
- ^ Statement and Q&A-Starbucks Completes its Conversion – All U.S. Company-Operated Stores Use Dairy Sourced Without the Use of rBGH. Starbucks Corporation. [2008-04-04]. (原始內容存檔於2008-03-29).
外部連結
- Public Health on "Public Health Aspects of the Use of Bovine Somatotrophin" (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Labeling Issues, Revolving Doors, rBGH, Bribery and Monsanto (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Sustainable table article the topic
- Milk: From the People Who Brought You Agent Orange, PCBs, Dioxin, Benzene, Weed Killer and Saccharine by KPFK radio Page Getz"
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