副球黴菌病

副球黴菌病
同义词	副球孢子菌病、南美芽生菌病、巴西芽生菌病
	副球黴菌病患者的組織病理圖像
症状	发热、體重下降、淋巴結腫大、肝脾腫大（英语：hepatosplenomegaly）、敗血症、口腔潰瘍（英语：Mouth ulcer）、皮膚潰瘍
类型	皮膚粘膜型、淋巴型與多重器官型
肇因	巴西副球孢子菌（英语：Paracoccidioides brasiliensis）或Paracoccidioides lutzii（英语：Paracoccidioides lutzii）感染
診斷方法	血液、痰或皮膚樣本
相似疾病或共病	结核病、白血病、淋巴瘤
治療	抗真菌药
藥物	伊曲康唑、两性霉素B、複方新諾明
死亡數	每年約200人死亡（巴西）
分类和外部资源
醫學專科	傳染病
ICD-11	1F2E
ICD-9-CM	116.1
DiseasesDB	29815
eMedicine	224628
Orphanet	73260
	[编辑此条目的维基数据]

副球黴菌病（Paracoccidioidomycosis）又稱副球孢子菌病、南美芽生菌病^[1]與巴西芽生菌病^[2]，是副球孢子菌屬真菌（巴西副球孢子菌（英语：Paracoccidioides brasiliensis）與Paracoccidioides lutzii（英语：Paracoccidioides lutzii）^[7]，皆為雙態性真菌^[8]）感染所致的疾病，由吸入孢子造成感染^[5]。此病症狀多樣，包括皮膚粘膜型（口腔潰瘍（英语：Mouth ulcer））、淋巴型與多重器官型^[1]^[5]，許多感染者無症狀^[9]，有症狀者包括口腔與皮膚潰瘍、發燒、體重下降、淋巴結腫大、肝脾腫大（英语：Hepatosplenomegaly）與敗血症等^[3]^[6]，症狀可能與結核病、淋巴瘤與白血病類似^[3]。

副球黴菌病的診斷可藉由病人血液與痰等樣本經組織學染色判斷。此病一般使用伊曲康唑治療，重症者可先施以兩性黴素B再使用伊曲康唑，或者使用複方新諾明治療^[1]^[6]。

副球黴菌病為一種被忽視熱帶病^[7]，流行於中南美洲的鄉村地區^[10]，有研究估計有多達75%的疫區人口（1000萬人）為無症狀感染者，約2%的人出現症狀^[11]，多數感染者為男性農民^[12]，抽菸、喝酒與免疫缺乏者的感染風險更高^[13]。有80%的病例來自巴西，該國每年有約200人因副球黴菌病感染而死亡^[1]，其餘病例則多來自哥倫比亞、委內瑞拉與阿根廷^[13]。美國、歐洲與日本也曾有病例出現，皆為自疫區旅遊歸來者^[13]。

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac. 13. Diseases resulting from fungi and yeasts. Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology 13th. Elsevier. 2019: 313–314. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6 （英语）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L., Dermatology: 2-Volume Set, St. Louis: Mosby, 2007, ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ICD-11 - ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. icd.who.int. [26 June 2021].
^ Johnstone, Ronald B. 25. Mycoses and Algal infections. Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials 2nd. Elsevier. 2017: 451. ISBN 978-0-7020-6830-0.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Barlow, Gavin; Irving, Irving; moss, Peter J. 20. Infectious diseases. Feather, Adam; Randall, David; Waterhouse, Mona (编). Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine 10th. Elsevier. 2020: 561. ISBN 978-0-7020-7870-5 （英语）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Proia, Laurie. 28. The dimorphic mycoses. Spec, Andrej; Escota, Gerome V.; Chrisler, Courtney; Davies, Bethany (编). Comprehensive Review of Infectious Diseases. Elsevier. 2020: 419–420. ISBN 978-0-323-56866-1 （英语）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Queiroz-Telles, Flavio; Fahal, Ahmed Hassan; Falci, Diego R; Caceres, Diego H; Chiller, Tom; Pasqualotto, Alessandro C. Neglected endemic mycoses. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. November 2017, 17 (11): e367–e377. PMID 28774696. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30306-7.
^ Salgado-Salazar, Catalina; Jones, Leandro R.; Restrepo, Ángela; McEwen, Juan G. The human fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Onygenales: Ajellomycetaceae) is a complex of two species: phylogenetic evidence from five mitochondrial markers. Cladistics. 2010-11-10, 26 (2010): 613–624. ISSN 1096-0031. PMID 34879597. S2CID 84410217. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00307.x . hdl:11336/84231 .
^ Queiroz-Telles, Flavio; Escuissato, Dante. Pulmonary Paracoccidioidomycosis. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. December 2011, 32 (6): 764–774. ISSN 1069-3424. PMID 22167404. S2CID 260319905. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1295724.
^ Marques, Silvio Alencar. Paracoccidioidomycosis: epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and treatment up-dating. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. October 2013, 88 (5): 700–711. ISSN 0365-0596. PMC 3798345 . PMID 24173174. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132463.
^ Travassos, Luiz R; Taborda, Carlos P; Colombo, Arnaldo L. Treatment options for paracoccidioidomycosis and new strategies investigated. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. April 2008, 6 (2): 251–262. ISSN 1478-7210. PMID 18380607. S2CID 41184245. doi:10.1586/14787210.6.2.251.
^ Restrepo, Angela; Tobón, Angela M.; Agudelo, Carlos A., Paracoccidioidomycosis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Mycoses, Infectious Disease, Humana Press: 331–342, 2008, ISBN 9781588298225, doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-325-7_18
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 Martinez, Roberto. Epidemiology of Paracoccidioidomycosis. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. September 2015, 57 (suppl 19): 11–20. ISSN 0036-4665. PMC 4711199 . PMID 26465364. doi:10.1590/S0036-46652015000700004.

[James2020-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac. 13. Diseases resulting from fungi and yeasts. Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology 13th. Elsevier. 2019: 313–314. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6 （英语）.

[Bolognia-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L., Dermatology: 2-Volume Set, St. Louis: Mosby, 2007, ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1

[ICD-11-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ICD-11 - ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. icd.who.int. [26 June 2021].

[Weedon2017-4] Johnstone, Ronald B. 25. Mycoses and Algal infections. Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials 2nd. Elsevier. 2017: 451. ISBN 978-0-7020-6830-0.

[Kumar2020-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Barlow, Gavin; Irving, Irving; moss, Peter J. 20. Infectious diseases. Feather, Adam; Randall, David; Waterhouse, Mona (编). Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine 10th. Elsevier. 2020: 561. ISBN 978-0-7020-7870-5 （英语）.

[Proia2020-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Proia, Laurie. 28. The dimorphic mycoses. Spec, Andrej; Escota, Gerome V.; Chrisler, Courtney; Davies, Bethany (编). Comprehensive Review of Infectious Diseases. Elsevier. 2020: 419–420. ISBN 978-0-323-56866-1 （英语）.

[Queiroz-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Queiroz-Telles, Flavio; Fahal, Ahmed Hassan; Falci, Diego R; Caceres, Diego H; Chiller, Tom; Pasqualotto, Alessandro C. Neglected endemic mycoses. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. November 2017, 17 (11): e367–e377. PMID 28774696. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30306-7.

[8] Salgado-Salazar, Catalina; Jones, Leandro R.; Restrepo, Ángela; McEwen, Juan G. The human fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Onygenales: Ajellomycetaceae) is a complex of two species: phylogenetic evidence from five mitochondrial markers. Cladistics. 2010-11-10, 26 (2010): 613–624. ISSN 1096-0031. PMID 34879597. S2CID 84410217. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00307.x . hdl:11336/84231 .

[Queiroz-Telles_764–774-9] Queiroz-Telles, Flavio; Escuissato, Dante. Pulmonary Paracoccidioidomycosis. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. December 2011, 32 (6): 764–774. ISSN 1069-3424. PMID 22167404. S2CID 260319905. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1295724.

[Marques-10] Marques, Silvio Alencar. Paracoccidioidomycosis: epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and treatment up-dating. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. October 2013, 88 (5): 700–711. ISSN 0365-0596. PMC 3798345 . PMID 24173174. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132463.

[:2-11] Travassos, Luiz R; Taborda, Carlos P; Colombo, Arnaldo L. Treatment options for paracoccidioidomycosis and new strategies investigated. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. April 2008, 6 (2): 251–262. ISSN 1478-7210. PMID 18380607. S2CID 41184245. doi:10.1586/14787210.6.2.251.

[12] Restrepo, Angela; Tobón, Angela M.; Agudelo, Carlos A., Paracoccidioidomycosis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Mycoses, Infectious Disease, Humana Press: 331–342, 2008, ISBN 9781588298225, doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-325-7_18

[:3-13] 13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 Martinez, Roberto. Epidemiology of Paracoccidioidomycosis. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. September 2015, 57 (suppl 19): 11–20. ISSN 0036-4665. PMC 4711199 . PMID 26465364. doi:10.1590/S0036-46652015000700004.

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