低功能自闭症
低功能自闭症 | |
---|---|
症状 | 缺乏社交,极度的交流障碍,重复性行为,自我伤害,严重智能障碍 |
并发症 | 社会孤立、就业问题、家庭压力、霸凌、自我伤害。[1] |
起病年龄 | 两三岁时[2][3] |
病程 | 长期 |
类型 | 智能障碍、自闭症 |
病因 | 基因和环境因素 |
诊断方法 | 根据行为和发展史 |
鉴别诊断 | 智力障碍,X染色体易裂症,焦虑 |
管理 | 行为治疗,言语治疗,精神药物[4][5][6] |
药物 | 抗精神病药,抗抑郁药,兴奋剂[7][8][9] |
分类和外部资源 | |
医学专科 | 精神病学 |
低功能自闭症(英语:Low-functioning autism,缩写:LFA)是一种有智能障碍的自闭症(智商69或以下),其症状包括社交或互动障碍,行为怪异,缺乏社交或情感上的互惠性。症状还包括睡眠问题、攻击性和自我伤害。[10]
诊断
在美国精神医学学会出版的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》中,并没有对低功能自闭症的诊断。在DSM-4中,低功能自闭症指的是所有有智力障碍(智商69或以下)的自闭症患者。但在目前DSM-5的诊断标准中,已经取消了低功能自闭症的分类。[11]
参见
参考文献
- ^ Autism spectrum disorder - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. [13 July 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-14) (英语).
- ^ NIMH " Autism Spectrum Disorder. nimh.nih.gov. October 2016 [20 April 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-04-21) (英语).
- ^ DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria. [16 December 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-19).
- ^ Myers SM, Johnson CP. Management of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. November 2007, 120 (5): 1162–82 [2020-09-11]. PMID 17967921. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2362. (原始内容存档于2019-03-23).
- ^ Sanchack, KE; Thomas, CA. Autism Spectrum Disorder: Primary Care Principles.. American Family Physician. 15 December 2016, 94 (12): 972–79. PMID 28075089.
- ^ Sukhodolsky, DG; Bloch, MH; Panza, KE; Reichow, B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety in children with high-functioning autism: a meta-analysis.. Pediatrics. November 2013, 132 (5): e1341–50. PMC 3813396
. PMID 24167175. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-1193.
- ^ Ji N, Findling RL. An update on pharmacotherapy for autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. March 2015, 28 (2): 91–101. PMID 25602248. doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000132.
- ^ Oswald DP, Sonenklar NA. Medication use among children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. June 2007, 17 (3): 348–55. PMID 17630868. doi:10.1089/cap.2006.17303.
- ^ Jaeggi, S. M.; Buschkuehl, M.; Jonides, J.; Perrig, W. J. From the Cover: Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008, 105 (19): 6829–33. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.6829J. PMC 2383929
. PMID 18443283. doi:10.1073/pnas.0801268105.
- ^ Brambilla, P. Brain anatomy and development in autism: Review of structural MRI studies. Brain Research Bulletin. 2003, 61 (6): 557–569. PMID 14519452. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2003.06.001.
- ^ What is Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorders?. US Autism and Asperger Association. [16 December 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-28).