自由港
自由港（英语：Free Economic Zone，又称自由贸易区、自由口岸）是一种以经营贸易为主的经济特区，可自由进行货物起卸、搬运、转口和加工、长期储存的港口区域。自由港内的国外货物，可免征关税和不需经海关人员检查。自由港主要从事转口贸易，但一些大小已经跟城市相同，还会进行加工、旅游和服务等业务。
最早的自由港出现于欧洲，13世纪法兰西王国已开辟马赛港为自由贸易园区。1547年，西班牙王国的锡耶纳共和国正式将热那亚湾的里南那港定名为世界上第一个自由港。其后，为了扩大对外的国际贸易，一些欧洲国家便陆续将一些港口城市开辟自由港。至今，因应全球的贸易活动与经济发展，自由港的数量已上升至130多个。
自由港与保税港区相似，其不同在于贸易优惠措施空间范围上的不同而已。
全球自由港
 | 此条目内容自相矛盾。 |
 | 此章节的准确性有争议。 |
- 阿布扎比
- 迪拜
- Abu Dhabi Airport Free Zone (ADAFZ)
- ADPC - Khalifa Port and Industrial Zone (KPIZ)
- Ahmed Bin Rashid Free Zone (ABRFZ)
- Ajman Free Zone (AFZ)
- Creative City
- Dubai Academic City
- Dubai Airport Free Zone (DAFZ)
- Dubai Biotechnology & Research Park (DuBiotech)
- Dubai Car and Automotive City Free Zone (DUCAMZ)
- Dubai Gold and Diamond Park
- Dubai Multi Commodities Centre Free Zone
- Dubai Internet City
- Dubai Media City
- Dubai Studio City
- Dubai Techno Park
- Dubai Technology and Media Free Zone (TECOM)
- International Media Production Zone
- Dubai Knowledge Village
- Dubai Logistics City
- Dubai Healthcare City
- Dubai Industrial City (DIC)
- Dubai International Academic City
- 迪拜国际金融中心 Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC)
- DuBiotech
- Economic Zones World (EZW)
- Fujairah Creative City
- Fujairah Free Zone (FFZ)
- Dubai Outsource Zone
- Dubai Silicon Oasis (DSO)
- Jebel Ali Free Zone (JAFZA)
- Hamriyah Free Zone
- Higher Corporation for Specialized Economic Zones (HCSEZ) - ZonesCorp
- Industrial City of Abu Dhabi
- JLT Free Zone Dubai
- RAK Investment Authority Free Zone (RAKIA FZ)
- Ras Al Khaimah Free Trade Zone
- Ras Al Khaimah IT Park
- Ras Al Khaimah Media Free Zone
- Sharjah Airport International Free Zone (SAIF)
- twofour54 Abu Dhabi
- Virtuzone Free Zone
(欧盟成员)
- 哥本哈根自由港 (Københavns Frihavn)
(欧盟成员)
- Free zone of Lappeenranta (Lappeenrannan Vapaa-alue)
- Freeport of Hanko (Hangon Vapaasatama)
(欧盟成员)
(欧盟成员)
- 不莱梅市自由港 (Freihafen Bremen), 1888−2007
- 不莱梅港自由港(Freihafen Bremerhaven)
- 库克斯哈文自由港 (Freihafen Cuxhaven), since 1896
- 代根多夫自由港 (Freihafen Deggendorf), since 1989
- 杜伊斯堡自由港 (Freihafen Duisburg), since 1989
- 汉堡自由港 (Freihafen Hamburg), 1888–2012
(欧盟成员)
- Free zone of Piraeus
- Free zone of Thessaloniki
- Free zone of Heraklion
- Free zone of Evros (Debzos)
(欧盟成员)
- Port of Cork Free Port
- Shannon Free Zone
- Isle of Man Airport (Ballasala)
(欧盟成员)
- Livorno, 1675–1860
- Free Zone of Venice (Porto franco di Venezia)
- Aosta Valley
- Campione d'Italia
- Livigno
- Port of Trieste
(欧盟成员)
(欧盟成员)
(欧盟成员)
- Free Port of Klaipėda
- Famagusta Free Zone
- Gemikonağı Free Zone
(欧盟成员)
- Free Zone of Madeira - Caniçal (Zona franca da Madeira - Caniçal)
(欧盟成员)
- Port of Constanţa, January 2007
(欧盟成员)
- Free zone of Barcelona (Zona franca de Barcelona)
- Free zone of Cádiz (Zona franca de Cádiz)
- Free zone of Vigo (Zona franca de Vigo)
- Free zone of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Zona franca de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria)
- (Ceuta and Melilla are not Free Ports or Free zones because they are part of Spain, but not part of the European union for customs and excises)
(欧盟成员)
- Marstrand, 18th century
- Saint-Barthélemy, 1785–1878
- Stockholms frihamn, 1919–1995
- Frihamnen, Göteborg, 1922-
- La Praille free port, Geneva[4]
- Geneva Cointrin International Airport free port, Geneva[4]
- Magazzini Generali con Punto Franco SA, Chiasso and Stabio, free port and bonded whorehouse, [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- free port and free economic zone Odessa
- 1819-1858
- Trade sea port of Odessa, January 1, 2000 for 25 years
- Liverpool Free Zone
- Prestwick Airport Free Zone
- Southampton Free Zone
- Tilbury Free Zone
- Port of Sheerness Free Zone
- Zona Franca （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） of Latin America
- Zona Franca La Plata
- Polo Industrial Zona Franca General Pico, La Pampa[5]
- 玛瑙斯自由贸易区
- Mega Port of Punta Caucedo
- Carrasco International Airport (Free Airport) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Zona Franca de Montevideo
- Zona Franca Colonia
- Zona Franca Rivera
- US Commerce Department (International Trade Administration): List of U.S. Foreign-Trade Zones
- A foreign trade zone (FTZ) is a high security, access restricted, Customs privileged, C-TPAT Supply Chain Best Practice facility where merchandise both Domestic and Foreign may be Admitted for purposes of storage, manipulation, manufacturing, destruction, exhibition, or temporary removal duty-free. Duty, certain user fees and taxes are only assessed on merchandise that is Entered into the U.S. commerce for consumption. Goods that are transferred out of the FTZ for exportation abroad are exempt from duty, taxes, and user fees. FTZs are considered to be outside the main U.S. customs territory.
- United States Virgin Islands
- Free port of Isla Margarita (Puerto Libre de Margarita)
- Free zone of the Paraguaná Peninsula (Zona Franca de la Península de Paraguaná)
- Free zone of Santa Elena de Uairén (Zona Franca de Santa Elena de Uairén)
参见
参考来源
- 临港经济与辽宁中部城市群 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Declaration Of Labuan As A Free Port. [2018-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2018-04-08）.
- ^ Zamboanga City Special Economic Zone Authority and Freeport. [2013-10-15]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-02）.
- ^ Malta Freeport. [2020-06-13]. （原始内容存档于2010-02-05）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Accueil. Ports Francs et Entrepôts de Genève SA. [2021-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-04） （法语）.
- ^ Zona Franca General Pico. [2021-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-19） （西班牙语）.
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