模板:Excerpt

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這種模板用於在其他頁面中重複使用部分頁面。這種做法有以下優點:

  • 通過避免必須多次更新的重複內容而減少維護工作
  • 通過鼓勵編輯合併相關內容來提高內容質量，而不是在不同的開發階段有多個版本。
  • 通過引導貢獻者到一個地方編輯來促進合作。

但它也具有以下缺點 :

  • 因為您必須轉到子文章才能對主要文章進行更改
  • 由於代碼生成的問題，一篇文章的摘錄格式不能完美地融入一篇新文章，存在段落丟失問題
  • 對子文章的更改不會出現在主文章的編輯監視列表中

This template extends the capabilities of the built-in normal transclusion and labeled section transclusion.

Usage

Basic usage

  • {{Excerpt|Page title}} — Transclude the lead section (example)
  • {{Excerpt|Page title|Section title}} — Transclude a specific section, excluding any subsections (example)

Parameters

  • 1 or article or page — Required. Name of the article or page to transclude. By default the lead section is transcluded (example). If the page contains an infobox, the image and caption of the infobox will be transcluded (unless files=0 is set). Also, templates listed at Module:Excerpt/config will not be transcluded (unless requested explicitly with |templates=, see below).
  • 2 or section or fragment — Name of the section to transclude (example) or of the <section> tag to transclude (example). Must be marked with <section begin=Name of the fragment/> and <section end=Name of the fragment/> in the transcluded page. Notice that this template provides other ways of targeting specific fragments of a page without having to resort to section tags.
  • only — Elements to transclude. By default all elements are transcluded (except templates blacklisted at Module:Excerpt/config)
    • only=file — Transclude only the first file
    • only=files — Transclude only files
    • only=list — Transclude only the first list
    • only=lists — Transclude only lists
    • only=table — Transclude only the first table
    • only=tables — Transclude only tables (example)
    • only=template — Transclude only the first template
    • only=templates — Transclude only templates
    • only=paragraph — Transclude only the first paragraph
    • only=paragraphs — Transclude only paragraphs
  • paragraphs — Paragraphs to transclude. By default all paragraphs are transcluded.
    • paragraphs=0 — Transclude no paragraphs
    • paragraphs=1 — Transclude the first paragraph
    • paragraphs=2 — Transclude the second paragraph
    • paragraphs=1,3 — Transclude the first and third paragraphs
    • paragraphs=1-3 — Transclude the first, second and third paragraphs
    • paragraphs=1-3,5 — Transclude the first, second, third and fifth paragraphs
    • paragraphs=-1 — Transclude all paragraphs except the first
    • paragraphs=-2 — Transclude all paragraphs except the second
    • paragraphs=-1,3 — Transclude all paragraphs except the first and third
    • paragraphs=-1-3 — Transclude all paragraphs except the first, second and third
    • paragraphs=-1-3,5 — Transclude all paragraphs except the first, second, third and fifth
  • lists — Lists to transclude. By default all lists are transcluded. Same syntax as when transcluding paragraphs.
  • files — Files to transclude. By default all files are transcluded. Same syntax as when transcluding paragraphs, but also:
    • files=A.jpg — Transclude the file named 'A.jpg'
    • files=A.jpg, B.png, C.gif — Transclude the files named 'A.jpg', 'B.png' and 'C.gif'
    • files=.+%.png — Transclude all PNG files
    • files=-A.jpg — Transclude all files except the one named 'A.jpg'
    • files=-A.jpg, B.png, C.gif — Transclude all files except the ones named 'A.jpg', 'B.png' and 'C.gif'
    • files=-.+%.png — Transclude all non-PNG files
  • tables — Tables to transclude. By default all tables are transcluded. Same syntax as when transcluding paragraphs, but also:
    • tables=Stats2020 — Transclude the table with id 'Stats2020'
    • tables=Stats2020, Stats2019, Stats2018 — Transclude the tables with ids 'Stats2020', 'Stats2019' and 'Stats2018'
    • tables=-Stats2020 — Transclude all tables except the one with id 'Stats2020'
    • tables=-Stats2020, Stats2019, Stats2018 — Transclude all tables except the ones with ids 'Stats2020', 'Stats2019' and 'Stats2018'
  • templates — Templates to transclude. By default all templates are transcluded except those blacklisted at Module:Excerpt/config. Using a hyphen before a comma-delimited list of templates adds those templates to the blacklist.
    • templates=-Ocean — Add the template 'Ocean' to the blacklist
    • templates=-Ocean, Nature — Add the templates 'Ocean' and 'Nature' to the blacklist
    • templates=Infobox person — Ignore the blacklist and transclude the template 'Infobox person'
    • templates=Infobox person, Ocean — Ignore the blacklist and transclude the templates 'Infobox person' and 'Ocean'
    • templates=.* — Ignore the blacklist and transclude all templates
  • this — Change the initial text of the hatnote. For example, if the transcluded content is a gallery, you can set this=This gallery is so that the hatnote reads "This gallery is an excerpt from..." (example).
  • displaytitle — Change the text of the link in the hatnote. For example, add italics, subscripts, etc.
  • hat=no — Hide the hatnote "This section is an excerpt from..."
  • bold=yes — Preserve bold text.
  • links=no — Remove all wikilinks.
  • quote=yes — Wrap the excerpt with <blockquote> tags.
  • inline=yes — Remove the hatnote and <div> tags around the excerpt, to use it inside other text.
  • onlyfreefiles=no — Enables transclusion of non-free files.
  • briefdates=yes — Abbreviate birth and death information to (YYYY-YYYY) format
  • references=no — Remove all references.
  • subsections=yes — Include subsections of the transcluded section. Notice that if the transclusion is done from a section level 3, and the transcluded subsections are level 3 too, then the transcluded subsections will show with the same hierarchy as the transcluding section, which is probably not desirable, so use with caution.

Replacing Template:Main

How to replace a section for an excerpt.

Sections are often summaries of more precise subpages (generally linked with Template:Main). Sometimes it's convenient to replace the content of such sections for excerpts of the subpages (after merging any valuable content of the section into the subpage). In such cases, an efficient way to proceed is:

  1. Open the section in one tab and the subpage in another.
  2. Edit both.
  3. Copy the text of the section and paste it below the lead section of the subpage.
  4. Delete repeated content and adjust using common sense.
  5. Save the changes in the subpage with an edit summary like: Bring content from [[Page]].
  6. Back to the section, delete all content and replace it for an excerpt of the subpage.
  7. Save the changes in the section with an edit summary like: Move content to [[Subpage]] and leave an excerpt.

Refinement using inclusion control

更多資訊：Help:Template § Noinclude, includeonly, and onlyinclude

Sometimes, a passage will almost fit for a transclusion, but not quite. In these cases, you can edit the source page to add <noinclude>...</noinclude> tags around content you don't want in the excerpt and <includeonly>...</includeonly> tags around content you want only in the excerpt.

For instance, the page COVID-19 misinformation begins The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in misinformation.... However, when excerpting this lead to the misinformation section of COVID-19 pandemic, we don't need to specify which pandemic we're referring to. Therefore, the code The <noinclude>[[COVID-19 pandemic]]</noinclude><includeonly>pandemic</includeonly> has resulted in [[misinformation]] can be used at the misinformation page, so that it will appear at the pandemic page as The pandemic has resulted in misinformation....

For pages with a high volume of edits, it may be a good idea to leave a hidden comment explaining why the tags are there, so that no one will be tempted to remove them.

Please note that when the </noinclude> tag is wrapped into a new line, a character next to it would be interpreted as a line beginning. This can lead to some formatting problems. For example, when a </noinclude> at line beginning is succeeded by a whitespace character, the page engine would translate this as a leading space that renders the subsequent paragraph in code block and monospaced font with preserved formatting. For this reason, no spaces should separate the </noinclude> tag from the text it precedes.

Compared to #section

For simple cases of transcluding sections of articles, the {{#section}}, {{#section-x}}, and {{#section-h}} (abbreviated {{#lst}}, {{#lstx}}, and {{#lsth}})) parser functions can be used instead of this template. {{#lsth:article|fragmentname}} will transclude the section of "article" with the header "fragmentname", and {{#lsth:article}} will transclude the lead section of "article". Excerpting only specific paragraphs can be done by marking up the source article with <section begin=fragmentname/>...<section end=fragmentname/> tags and using {{#lst:article|fragmentname}} to transclude those fragments, which is equivalent to using the |fragment=fragmentname parameter with this template. {{#lsth:article|fragmentname}} can also be used to transclude everything but those fragments.

The text will not be trimmed of excess whitespace, there will not be a header (equivalent to |hat=no, and all files, templates, tables, references, and subsections will be included unless the source article is marked up with <section begin=fragmentname/>...<section end=fragmentname/>, <noinclude>...</noinclude>, or <onlyinclude>...</onlyinclude> tags. Self links will appear in bold.

Excerpt trees

Visual representation of an excerpt tree.

When a very general article uses excerpts from more specific articles, which in turn use excerpts from even more specific articles, then a tree structure emerges, called an "Excerpt tree".

Here you can navigate the main excerpt trees on the English Wikipedia. It's useful for editors interested in expanding or improving them. To navigate the trees, click the following button(S):

//zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Excerpt&withJS=MediaWiki:ExcerptTree.js#Excerpt_trees

See also

Template data

此模板用於在條目中嵌入指定的另一條目的特定內容。

模板參數[編輯模板資料]

參數描述類型狀態
條目1 article page

要納入的條目名或頁面名

範例
漢語
頁面名稱必填
章節2 section fragment

要納入的章節名稱或<section>標籤

範例
歷史
字串選填
僅限only

僅納入指定的元素類型

範例
table
字串選填
段落paragraphs paragraph

要納入的段落

範例
1-3,5
字串選填
文件files file

要納入的文件

預設
1
範例
1-3,5
字串選填
表格tables table

要納入的表格

範例
Stats2020
字串選填
列表lists list

納入的列表

範例
1
字串選填
模板templates template

納入的模板

範例
Infobox person
字串選填
參考文獻references

是否納入參考文獻

範例
no
布林值選填
子章節subsections

是否納入所請求章節的子章節

範例
yes
布林值選填
Hatnotehat

是否包含hatnote

預設
yes
範例
no
布林值選填
粗體bold

是否保留文字粗體格式

預設
yes
範例
no
布林值選填
維基內鏈links

是否保留內鏈格式

預設
yes
範例
no
布林值選填
引用quote

用<blockquote>標籤包覆此節選

預設
no
範例
yes
布林值選填
Thisthis

Change the initial text of the hatnote

範例
This gallery is
字串選填
顯示標題displaytitle

Change the text of the link in the hatnote

字串選填
內聯inline

移除節選中的hatnote和<div>標籤，便於放在其他文本之中

預設
no
範例
yes
布林值選填
僅自由文件onlyfreefiles

允許納入非自由文件

預設
no
範例
yes
布林值選填
日期簡化briefdates

生卒信息簡化為YYYY-YYYY格式

預設
no
範例
yes
布林值選填
CSS類class

額外CSS類

範例
noprint
字串選填
取自「https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Excerpt&oldid=63994915」