費爾南多·佩索亞
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費爾南多·佩索亞(葡萄牙語:Fernando Pessoa,1888年6月13日—1935年11月30日),生於里斯本,是葡萄牙詩人與作家。 他生前以詩集《使命》而聞名於世。 他被認為是繼路易·德賈梅士之後最偉大的葡語作家。文評家卜倫在他的作品《西方正典》形容為他是與諾貝爾獎得主巴勃魯·聶魯達最能夠代表二十世紀的詩人。在2007年票選最偉大的葡萄牙人中,他排名第八。
寫作風格
他在文學上以「創造」性格聞名,我們稱這種寫作手法為「異名」(Heteronímia)。各個「異名者」(heterónimos)有着不同的閱歷、性格與人生哲學。異名者與作者「自我」之間常常互通書信,交流思想。在眾多角色中,以「自我」加上另外三個「異名者」最為成熟及最廣為人知。三個「異名者」分別是 Álvaro de Campos、Ricardo Reis 和 Alberto Caeiro。在他們當中,「自我」通常都是最能夠帶出真理、存在及個性等深層哲學意義的角色。
自我 (Ortónimo)
「佩索亞的自我」性格很全面,本身也是個作家,但是總離不開士巴斯梯斯式的愛國主義思想。他的「自我」在某程度上深受一些宗教理念影響,如通神論思想及共濟會的宗教觀。故此,「自我」的詩詞充滿神話及史詩式的氣魄,有時還有一種悲劇的味道。他作為一個普世主義 (Universalismo)詩人,他的世界觀可能受到東方及理性主義哲學思想所影響,顯得相當矛盾,他同時接受單一及多方面的世界觀。所以,這倒令佩索亞有十足的理由把其他的三個「異名者」連同《使命》中的「半自我」-Bernando Soares從「自我」分開出來。以葡萄牙歷史人物為背景的詩集《使命》中的佩索亞,就是最能夠代表這個「自我」。
異名人士 (Heterónimos)
關於異名,佩索亞在 1935 年 1 月 13 日寫給文學評論家阿道夫·卡薩斯·蒙泰羅的信中寫道:
《 我如何以這三個人的名義寫作呢?... 卡埃羅 (Alberto Caeiro),透過純粹且出乎意料的靈感,我不知道甚至懷疑我會以他的名字寫作。里卡 多雷斯 (Ricardo Reis),經過抽象的冥想後,突然具體化為一首詩。坎波斯 (Álvaro de Campos),當我突然有寫作的衝動,卻不知道要寫什麼。(我的半異名貝爾納多·蘇亞雷斯(Bernardo Soares)在很多方面都很像阿爾瓦羅-德-坎波斯(Álvaro de Campos),每當我疲倦或睏倦時,他就會出現,使我的推理和抑制能力在某種程度上被中止;他的散文是一種持續的遐想。他是一個半匿名者,因為他的個性雖然不是我的個性,但與我的個性並無差異,而只是我個性的肢解。他是沒有理性和情感的我。他的散文和我的一樣,了理性對我自己的寫作所施加的某些形式上的約束,他的葡萄牙文也完全一樣 一卡埃羅 的葡萄牙文寫得很糟。 寫得還算不錯,但有一些錯誤,例如用「我自己」代替「我自己」,等等...,雷斯 寫得比我好,但有一種我覺得過分的純粹主義。...)》
普通話翻譯
- 佩索亞詩選 1988-01-01 | 譯者 : 張維民 | 出版社 : 社會科學文獻出版社 | 頁數 : 139 | 裝幀 : 平裝 | ISBN : 7800500063
- 費爾南多·佩索亞詩選 2004-01-01 | 譯者 : 楊子 | 出版社 : 河北教育出版社 | 頁數 : 223 | 裝幀 : 平裝 | ISBN : 7543452343
- 阿爾伯特·卡埃羅 2013-07-01 | 譯者 : 閔雪飛 | 出版社 : 商務印書館 | 頁數 : 296 | 裝幀 : 精裝 | ISBN : 9787100101196
- 自決之書 2015-11-01 | 譯者 : 劉勇軍 | 出版社 : 中國華僑出版社 | 頁數 : 196 | 裝幀 : 精裝 | ISBN : 9787511357014
- 佩索亞詩選 2016-03-01 | 譯者 : 歐凡 | 出版社 : 山東文藝出版社 | 頁數 : 188 | 裝幀 : 平裝 | ISBN : 9787532951642
- 我將宇宙隨身攜帶·佩索亞詩集 2021-06-01 | 譯者 : 程一身 | 出版社 : 北京聯合出版社 | 頁數 : 227 | 裝幀 : 精裝 | ISBN : 9787559651709
《不安之書》又名《惶然錄》
Livro do Desassossego 一 Composto por Bernardo Soares, ajudante de guarda-livros na cidade de Lisboa (1982)
- 惶然錄 1999-04-01 | 譯者 : 韓少功 | 出版社 : 上海文藝出版社 | 頁數 : 324 | 裝幀 : 平裝 | ISBN : 7532119017
- 不安之書 2006-01-01 | 譯者 : 陳實 | 出版社 : 湖南文藝出版社 | 頁數 : 237 | 裝幀 : 平裝 | ISBN : 9787540436131
- 惶然錄 2012-06-01 | 譯者 : 韓少功 | 出版社 : 上海文藝出版社 | 頁數 : 306 | 裝幀 : 平裝 | ISBN : 9787505985377
- 不安之書 2014-01-01 | 譯者 : 劉勇軍 | 出版社 : 中國文聯出版社 | 頁數 : 456 | 裝幀 : 精裝 | ISBN : 9787505985377
- 不安之書 2017-03-29 | 譯者 : 劉勇軍 | 出版社 : 野人 | 頁數 : 608 | 裝幀 : 精裝 | ISBN : 9789863841937
- 惶然錄 2019-08-01 | 譯者 : 韓少功 | 出版社 : 上海文藝出版社 | 頁數 : 405 | 裝幀 : 精裝 | ISBN : 9787505985377
- 不安之書 2021-03-01 | 譯者 : 陳實 | 出版社 : 花城出版社 | 頁數 : 352 | 裝幀 : 平裝 | ISBN : 9787536088818
- 不安之書 2022-07-01 | 譯者 : 金心藝、周淼 | 出版社 : 北京聯合出版公司 | 頁數 : 488 | 裝幀 : 精裝 | ISBN : 9787559656797
延伸閱讀
圖書
- Gray de Castro, Mariana (ed.). Fernando Pessoa's modernity without frontiers: influences, dialogues, responses (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館). Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK. Rochester, NY; USA: Oxford: Tamesis, 2013, ISBN 9781855662568.
- Jackson, Kenneth David. Adverse Genres in Fernando Pessoa. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
- Jennings, Hubert D. and Carlos Pittella. Fernando Pessoa, the Poet with Many Faces: A biography and anthology. Providence, RI: Gavea-Brown, 2018.
- Klobucka, Anna and Mark Sabine, (eds.). Embodying Pessoa: Corporeality, Gender, Sexuality. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007.
- Santos, Maria Irene Ramalho Sousa. Atlantic Poets: Fernando Pessoa's Turn in Anglo-American Modernism. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 2003.
- Pessoa's Alberto Caeiro. Dartmouth, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 2000.
- Monteiro, George. Fernando Pessoa and Nineteenth-century Anglo-American Literature. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2000.
- Monteiro, George. The Presence of Pessoa: English, American, and Southern African Literary Responses. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1998.
- Sadlier, Darlene J. An Introduction to Fernando Pessoa, Literary Modernist. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1998.
- Lancastre, Maria José de and Antonio Tabucchi. Fernando Pessoa: Photographic Documentation and Caption.Paris : Hazan, 1997.
- Kotowicz, Zbigniew. Fernando Pessoa: Voices of a Nomadic Soul. London: Menard, 1996.
- Lisboa, Eugénio and L. C. Taylor. A Centenary Pessoa. Manchester, England: Carcanet, 1995.
- Terlinden-Villepin, Anne. Fernando Pessoa: The Bilingual Portuguese Poet. Brussels: Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis, 1990.
- McGuirk, Bernard. Three Persons on One: A Centenary Tribute to Fernando Pessoa. Nottingham, England: University of Nottingham, 1988.
- Green, J. C. R. Fernando Pessoa: The Genesis of the Heteronyms. Isle of Skye: Aquila, 1982.
- Monteiro, George. The Man Who Never Was: Essays on Fernando Pessoa. Providence, RI: Gávea-Brown, 1982.
文章
- Anderson, R. N., "The Static Drama of Pessoa, Fernando" Hispanofila (104): 89–97 (January 1992).
- Bloom, Harold, "Fernando Pessoa" in Genius: A Mosaic of One Hundred Exemplary Creative Minds. New York: Warner Books, 2002.
- Brown, S.M., "The Whitman Pessoa Connection" Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (1): 1–14 SUM 1991.
- Bunyan, D, "The South-African Pessoa: Fernando 20th Century Portuguese Poet", English in Africa 14 (1), May 1987, pp. 67–105.
- Cruz, Anne J., "Masked Rhetoric: Contextuality in Fernando Pessoa's Poems", Romance Notes, vol. XXIX, no. 1 (Fall, 1988), pp. 55–60.
- De Castro, Mariana, "Oscar Wilde, Fernando Pessoa, and the art of lying". Portuguese Studies 22 (2): 219, 2006.
- Dyer, Geoff, "Heteronyms" The New Statesman, vol. 4 (6 December 1991), p. 46.
- Eberstadt, Fernanda, "Proud of His Obscurity", The New York Times Book Review, vol. 96, (1 September 1991), p. 26.
- Ferari, Patricio. "Proverbs in Fernando Pessoa's works." Proverbium vol. 31, pp. 235–244.
- Guyer, Leland, "Fernando Pessoa and the Cubist Perspective", Hispania, vol. 70, no. 1 (March 1987), pp. 73–78.
- Haberly, David T., "Fernando Pessoa: Overview" in Lesley Henderson (Ed.), Reference Guide to World Literature, 2nd ed. St. James Press, 1995.
- Hicks, J., "The Fascist imaginary in Pessoa and Pirandello" Centennial Review 42 (2): 309–332 SPR 1998.
- Hollander, John, "Quadrophenia" The New Republic, 7 September 1987, pp. 33–6.
- Howes, R. W., "Pessoa, Fernando, Poet, Publisher, and Translator", British Library Journal 9 (2): 161–170 1983.
- Jennings, Hubert D., "In Search of Fernando Pessoa" Contrast 47 – South African Quarterly, vol. 12 no. 3 (June 1979).
- Lopes J. M., "Cubism and intersectionism in Fernando Pessoa's 'Chuva Obliqua" Texte (15–16),1994, pp. 63–95.
- Mahr, G., "Pessoa, life narrative, and the dissociative process" in Biography 21 (1) Winter 1998, pp. 25–35.
- McNeill, Pods, "The aesthetic of fragmentation and the use of personae in the poetry of Fernando Pessoa and W.B. Yeats" Portuguese Studies 19: 110–121 2003.
- Monteiro, George, "The Song of the Reaper-Pessoa and Wordsworth" Portuguese Studies 5, 1989, pp. 71–80.
- Muldoon P., "In the hall of mirrors: 'Autopsychography' by Fernando Pessoa" New England Review 23 (4), Fal 2002, pp. 38–52.
- Pasi, Marco, "September 1930, Lisbon: Aleister Crowley’s lost diary of his Portuguese trip" (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) Pessoa Plural, no. 1 (Spring 2012), pp. 253–283.
- Pasi, Marco & Ferrari, Patricio, "Fernando Pessoa and Aleister Crowley: New discoveries and a new analysis of the documents in the Gerald Yorke Collection" (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) Pessoa Plural, no. 1 (Spring 2012), pp. 284–313.
- Phillips, A., "Pessoa's Appearances" in Promises, Promises. London: Faber and Faber Limited, 2000, pp. 113–124.
- Ribeiro, A. S., "A tradition of empire: Fernando Pessoa and Germany" Portuguese Studies 21: 201–209, 2005
- Riccardi, Mattia, "Dionysus or Apollo? The heteronym Antonio Mora as moment of Nietzsche's reception by Pessoa" Portuguese Studies 23 (1), 109, 2007.
- Rosenthal, David H., "Unpredictable Passions", The New York Times Book Review, 13 December 1987, p. 32.
- Seabra, J.A., "Pessoa, Fernando Portuguese Modernist Poet", Europe 62 (660): 41–53 1984.
- Severino, Alexandrino E., "Fernando Pessoa's Legacy: The Presença and After", World Literature Today, vol. 53, no. 1 (Winter, 1979), pp. 5–9.
- Severino, Alexandrino E., "Pessoa, Fernando – A Modern Lusiad", Hispania 67 (1): 52–60 1984.
- Severino, Alexandrino E., "Was Pessoa Ever in South Africa?" (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) Hispania (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), vol. 74, no. 3 (September 1991).
- Sheets, Jane M., "Fernando Pessoa as Anti-Poet: Alberto Caeiro", Bulletin of Hispanic Studies, vol. XLVI, no. 1 (January 1969), pp. 39–47.
- Sousa, Ronald W., "The Structure of Pessoa's Mensagem", Bulletin of Hispanic Studies, vol. LIX, no. 1, January 1982, pp. 58–66.
- Steiner, George, "A man of many parts" (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), The Observer, 3 June 2001.
- Suarez, Jose, "Fernando Pessoa's acknowledged involvement with the occult" Hispania 90 (2): (May 2007), 245–252.
- Wood, Michael, "Mod and Great" The New York Review of Books, vol. XIX, no. 4 (21 September 1972), pp. 19–22.
- Zenith, Richard, "Pessoa, Fernando and the Theater of his Self" Performing Arts Journal (44), May 1993, pp. 47–49.
參見
外部連結
- Instituto Camões 卡蒙斯學院 (葡萄牙語課程)
- Casa Fernando Pessoa 費爾南多佩索亞博物館
- Fernando Pessoa: O Poeta dos Muitos Rostos
- Espólio Fernando Pessoa 葡萄牙國家圖書館
- English poems by Fernando Pessoa
- Mensagem
- MultiPessoa 一 Labirinto
- Arquivo Pessoa 一 Obra Édita
- Estranhar Pessoa
- Pessoa Plural
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