费尔南多·佩索阿
![本页使用了标题或全文手工转换](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png)
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Pessoa_1928_Foto_BI.png/250px-Pessoa_1928_Foto_BI.png)
费尔南多·佩索阿(葡萄牙语:Fernando Pessoa,1888年6月13日—1935年11月30日),生于里斯本,是葡萄牙诗人与作家。 他生前以诗集《使命》而闻名于世。 他被认为是继路易·德贾梅士之后最伟大的葡语作家。文评家卜伦在他的作品《西方正典》形容为他是与诺贝尔奖得主巴勃鲁·聂鲁达最能够代表二十世纪的诗人。在2007年票选最伟大的葡萄牙人中,他排名第八。
写作风格
他在文学上以“创造”性格闻名,我们称这种写作手法为“异名”(Heteronímia)。各个“异名者”(heterónimos)有着不同的阅历、性格与人生哲学。异名者与作者“自我”之间常常互通书信,交流思想。在众多角色中,以“自我”加上另外三个“异名者”最为成熟及最广为人知。三个“异名者”分别是 Álvaro de Campos、Ricardo Reis 和 Alberto Caeiro。在他们当中,“自我”通常都是最能够带出真理、存在及个性等深层哲学意义的角色。
自我 (Ortónimo)
“佩索亚的自我”性格很全面,本身也是个作家,但是总离不开士巴斯梯斯式的爱国主义思想。他的“自我”在某程度上深受一些宗教理念影响,如通神论思想及共济会的宗教观。故此,“自我”的诗词充满神话及史诗式的气魄,有时还有一种悲剧的味道。他作为一个普世主义 (Universalismo)诗人,他的世界观可能受到东方及理性主义哲学思想所影响,显得相当矛盾,他同时接受单一及多方面的世界观。所以,这倒令佩索亚有十足的理由把其他的三个“异名者”连同《使命》中的“半自我”-Bernando Soares从“自我”分开出来。以葡萄牙历史人物为背景的诗集《使命》中的佩索亚,就是最能够代表这个“自我”。
异名人士 (Heterónimos)
关于异名,佩索阿在 1935 年 1 月 13 日写给文学评论家阿道夫·卡萨斯·蒙泰罗的信中写道:
《 我如何以这三个人的名义写作呢?... 卡埃罗 (Alberto Caeiro),透过纯粹且出乎意料的灵感,我不知道甚至怀疑我会以他的名字写作。里卡 多雷斯 (Ricardo Reis),经过抽象的冥想后,突然具体化为一首诗。坎波斯 (Álvaro de Campos),当我突然有写作的冲动,却不知道要写什么。(我的半异名贝尔纳多·苏亚雷斯(Bernardo Soares)在很多方面都很像阿尔瓦罗-德-坎波斯(Álvaro de Campos),每当我疲倦或困倦时,他就会出现,使我的推理和抑制能力在某种程度上被中止;他的散文是一种持续的遐想。他是一个半匿名者,因为他的个性虽然不是我的个性,但与我的个性并无差异,而只是我个性的肢解。他是没有理性和情感的我。他的散文和我的一样,了理性对我自己的写作所施加的某些形式上的约束,他的葡萄牙文也完全一样 一卡埃罗 的葡萄牙文写得很糟。 写得还算不错,但有一些错误,例如用“我自己”代替“我自己”,等等...,雷斯 写得比我好,但有一种我觉得过分的纯粹主义。...)》
普通话翻译
- 佩索阿诗选 1988-01-01 | 译者 : 张维民 | 出版社 : 社会科学文献出版社 | 页数 : 139 | 装帧 : 平装 | ISBN : 7800500063
- 费尔南多·佩索阿诗选 2004-01-01 | 译者 : 杨子 | 出版社 : 河北教育出版社 | 页数 : 223 | 装帧 : 平装 | ISBN : 7543452343
- 阿尔伯特·卡埃罗 2013-07-01 | 译者 : 闵雪飞 | 出版社 : 商务印书馆 | 页数 : 296 | 装帧 : 精装 | ISBN : 9787100101196
- 自决之书 2015-11-01 | 译者 : 刘勇军 | 出版社 : 中国华侨出版社 | 页数 : 196 | 装帧 : 精装 | ISBN : 9787511357014
- 佩索阿诗选 2016-03-01 | 译者 : 欧凡 | 出版社 : 山东文艺出版社 | 页数 : 188 | 装帧 : 平装 | ISBN : 9787532951642
- 我将宇宙随身携带·佩索阿诗集 2021-06-01 | 译者 : 程一身 | 出版社 : 北京联合出版社 | 页数 : 227 | 装帧 : 精装 | ISBN : 9787559651709
《不安之书》又名《惶然录》
Livro do Desassossego 一 Composto por Bernardo Soares, ajudante de guarda-livros na cidade de Lisboa (1982)
- 惶然录 1999-04-01 | 译者 : 韩少功 | 出版社 : 上海文艺出版社 | 页数 : 324 | 装帧 : 平装 | ISBN : 7532119017
- 不安之书 2006-01-01 | 译者 : 陈实 | 出版社 : 湖南文艺出版社 | 页数 : 237 | 装帧 : 平装 | ISBN : 9787540436131
- 惶然录 2012-06-01 | 译者 : 韩少功 | 出版社 : 上海文艺出版社 | 页数 : 306 | 装帧 : 平装 | ISBN : 9787505985377
- 不安之书 2014-01-01 | 译者 : 刘勇军 | 出版社 : 中国文联出版社 | 页数 : 456 | 装帧 : 精装 | ISBN : 9787505985377
- 不安之书 2017-03-29 | 译者 : 刘勇军 | 出版社 : 野人 | 页数 : 608 | 装帧 : 精装 | ISBN : 9789863841937
- 惶然录 2019-08-01 | 译者 : 韩少功 | 出版社 : 上海文艺出版社 | 页数 : 405 | 装帧 : 精装 | ISBN : 9787505985377
- 不安之书 2021-03-01 | 译者 : 陈实 | 出版社 : 花城出版社 | 页数 : 352 | 装帧 : 平装 | ISBN : 9787536088818
- 不安之书 2022-07-01 | 译者 : 金心艺、周淼 | 出版社 : 北京联合出版公司 | 页数 : 488 | 装帧 : 精装 | ISBN : 9787559656797
延伸阅读
图书
- Gray de Castro, Mariana (ed.). Fernando Pessoa's modernity without frontiers: influences, dialogues, responses (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK. Rochester, NY; USA: Oxford: Tamesis, 2013, ISBN 9781855662568.
- Jackson, Kenneth David. Adverse Genres in Fernando Pessoa. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
- Jennings, Hubert D. and Carlos Pittella. Fernando Pessoa, the Poet with Many Faces: A biography and anthology. Providence, RI: Gavea-Brown, 2018.
- Klobucka, Anna and Mark Sabine, (eds.). Embodying Pessoa: Corporeality, Gender, Sexuality. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007.
- Santos, Maria Irene Ramalho Sousa. Atlantic Poets: Fernando Pessoa's Turn in Anglo-American Modernism. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 2003.
- Pessoa's Alberto Caeiro. Dartmouth, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 2000.
- Monteiro, George. Fernando Pessoa and Nineteenth-century Anglo-American Literature. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2000.
- Monteiro, George. The Presence of Pessoa: English, American, and Southern African Literary Responses. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1998.
- Sadlier, Darlene J. An Introduction to Fernando Pessoa, Literary Modernist. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1998.
- Lancastre, Maria José de and Antonio Tabucchi. Fernando Pessoa: Photographic Documentation and Caption.Paris : Hazan, 1997.
- Kotowicz, Zbigniew. Fernando Pessoa: Voices of a Nomadic Soul. London: Menard, 1996.
- Lisboa, Eugénio and L. C. Taylor. A Centenary Pessoa. Manchester, England: Carcanet, 1995.
- Terlinden-Villepin, Anne. Fernando Pessoa: The Bilingual Portuguese Poet. Brussels: Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis, 1990.
- McGuirk, Bernard. Three Persons on One: A Centenary Tribute to Fernando Pessoa. Nottingham, England: University of Nottingham, 1988.
- Green, J. C. R. Fernando Pessoa: The Genesis of the Heteronyms. Isle of Skye: Aquila, 1982.
- Monteiro, George. The Man Who Never Was: Essays on Fernando Pessoa. Providence, RI: Gávea-Brown, 1982.
文章
- Anderson, R. N., "The Static Drama of Pessoa, Fernando" Hispanofila (104): 89–97 (January 1992).
- Bloom, Harold, "Fernando Pessoa" in Genius: A Mosaic of One Hundred Exemplary Creative Minds. New York: Warner Books, 2002.
- Brown, S.M., "The Whitman Pessoa Connection" Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (1): 1–14 SUM 1991.
- Bunyan, D, "The South-African Pessoa: Fernando 20th Century Portuguese Poet", English in Africa 14 (1), May 1987, pp. 67–105.
- Cruz, Anne J., "Masked Rhetoric: Contextuality in Fernando Pessoa's Poems", Romance Notes, vol. XXIX, no. 1 (Fall, 1988), pp. 55–60.
- De Castro, Mariana, "Oscar Wilde, Fernando Pessoa, and the art of lying". Portuguese Studies 22 (2): 219, 2006.
- Dyer, Geoff, "Heteronyms" The New Statesman, vol. 4 (6 December 1991), p. 46.
- Eberstadt, Fernanda, "Proud of His Obscurity", The New York Times Book Review, vol. 96, (1 September 1991), p. 26.
- Ferari, Patricio. "Proverbs in Fernando Pessoa's works." Proverbium vol. 31, pp. 235–244.
- Guyer, Leland, "Fernando Pessoa and the Cubist Perspective", Hispania, vol. 70, no. 1 (March 1987), pp. 73–78.
- Haberly, David T., "Fernando Pessoa: Overview" in Lesley Henderson (Ed.), Reference Guide to World Literature, 2nd ed. St. James Press, 1995.
- Hicks, J., "The Fascist imaginary in Pessoa and Pirandello" Centennial Review 42 (2): 309–332 SPR 1998.
- Hollander, John, "Quadrophenia" The New Republic, 7 September 1987, pp. 33–6.
- Howes, R. W., "Pessoa, Fernando, Poet, Publisher, and Translator", British Library Journal 9 (2): 161–170 1983.
- Jennings, Hubert D., "In Search of Fernando Pessoa" Contrast 47 – South African Quarterly, vol. 12 no. 3 (June 1979).
- Lopes J. M., "Cubism and intersectionism in Fernando Pessoa's 'Chuva Obliqua" Texte (15–16),1994, pp. 63–95.
- Mahr, G., "Pessoa, life narrative, and the dissociative process" in Biography 21 (1) Winter 1998, pp. 25–35.
- McNeill, Pods, "The aesthetic of fragmentation and the use of personae in the poetry of Fernando Pessoa and W.B. Yeats" Portuguese Studies 19: 110–121 2003.
- Monteiro, George, "The Song of the Reaper-Pessoa and Wordsworth" Portuguese Studies 5, 1989, pp. 71–80.
- Muldoon P., "In the hall of mirrors: 'Autopsychography' by Fernando Pessoa" New England Review 23 (4), Fal 2002, pp. 38–52.
- Pasi, Marco, "September 1930, Lisbon: Aleister Crowley’s lost diary of his Portuguese trip" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Pessoa Plural, no. 1 (Spring 2012), pp. 253–283.
- Pasi, Marco & Ferrari, Patricio, "Fernando Pessoa and Aleister Crowley: New discoveries and a new analysis of the documents in the Gerald Yorke Collection" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Pessoa Plural, no. 1 (Spring 2012), pp. 284–313.
- Phillips, A., "Pessoa's Appearances" in Promises, Promises. London: Faber and Faber Limited, 2000, pp. 113–124.
- Ribeiro, A. S., "A tradition of empire: Fernando Pessoa and Germany" Portuguese Studies 21: 201–209, 2005
- Riccardi, Mattia, "Dionysus or Apollo? The heteronym Antonio Mora as moment of Nietzsche's reception by Pessoa" Portuguese Studies 23 (1), 109, 2007.
- Rosenthal, David H., "Unpredictable Passions", The New York Times Book Review, 13 December 1987, p. 32.
- Seabra, J.A., "Pessoa, Fernando Portuguese Modernist Poet", Europe 62 (660): 41–53 1984.
- Severino, Alexandrino E., "Fernando Pessoa's Legacy: The Presença and After", World Literature Today, vol. 53, no. 1 (Winter, 1979), pp. 5–9.
- Severino, Alexandrino E., "Pessoa, Fernando – A Modern Lusiad", Hispania 67 (1): 52–60 1984.
- Severino, Alexandrino E., "Was Pessoa Ever in South Africa?" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Hispania (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), vol. 74, no. 3 (September 1991).
- Sheets, Jane M., "Fernando Pessoa as Anti-Poet: Alberto Caeiro", Bulletin of Hispanic Studies, vol. XLVI, no. 1 (January 1969), pp. 39–47.
- Sousa, Ronald W., "The Structure of Pessoa's Mensagem", Bulletin of Hispanic Studies, vol. LIX, no. 1, January 1982, pp. 58–66.
- Steiner, George, "A man of many parts" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), The Observer, 3 June 2001.
- Suarez, Jose, "Fernando Pessoa's acknowledged involvement with the occult" Hispania 90 (2): (May 2007), 245–252.
- Wood, Michael, "Mod and Great" The New York Review of Books, vol. XIX, no. 4 (21 September 1972), pp. 19–22.
- Zenith, Richard, "Pessoa, Fernando and the Theater of his Self" Performing Arts Journal (44), May 1993, pp. 47–49.
参见
外部链接
- Instituto Camões 卡蒙斯学院 (葡萄牙语课程)
- Casa Fernando Pessoa 费尔南多佩索阿博物馆
- Fernando Pessoa: O Poeta dos Muitos Rostos
- Espólio Fernando Pessoa 葡萄牙国家图书馆
- English poems by Fernando Pessoa
- Mensagem
- MultiPessoa 一 Labirinto
- Arquivo Pessoa 一 Obra Édita
- Estranhar Pessoa
- Pessoa Plural
|