量子心靈

量子心靈（Quantum mind）或量子意識（Quantum consciousness）^[1]，是一個科學猜想，認為經典物理不能解釋意識的產生，而量子力學現象，如量子糾纏和量子疊加，會在大腦的運行中起到關鍵作用，可能是理解意識的基礎。這不是一個單一理論，而是許多不同想法的集合。迄今這類理論依舊是邊緣科學，而實驗證據反對此說法。^[2]

歷史

尤金·維格納提出了量子力學與心靈活動有關的想法。他認為波函數由於與意識的相互作用而坍縮。弗里曼·戴森說：「正如能做出選擇的能力所體現的那樣，意識在某種程度上來說與每個電子都有內在聯繫。」^[3]

一些其他當代物理學家和哲學家認為這些觀點不可信。^[4]維克特·斯登格（英語：Victor Stenger）認為量子意識是「應該與神，獨角獸和龍相提並論」的「沒有科學依據」的「謬見」。^[5]

大衛·查爾斯（David Chalmers）反對量子意識。他反而討論了量子力學與二元意識的關係。查爾莫斯對任何新物理學解決知覺難題的能力持懷疑態度。實驗證據指出彭羅斯（Roger Penrose）等人的量子意識理論不太可能成立。^[2]

參見

參考資料

^ Quantum Approaches to Consciousness. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. First published Tue Nov 30, 2004; substantive revision Thu May 19, 2011 [2014-10-17]. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-08）. 請檢查|date=中的日期值 (幫助)
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Derakhshani, Maaneli; Diósi, Lajos; Laubenstein, Matthias; Piscicchia, Kristian; Curceanu, Catalina. At the crossroad of the search for spontaneous radiation and the Orch OR consciousness theory. Physics of Life Reviews. September 2022, 42: 8–14 [2024-03-29]. doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2022.05.004. （原始內容存檔於2024-03-29）.
^ Dyson, Freeman. Infinite in All Directions: Gifford Lectures Given at Aberdeen, Scotland April--November 1985 1st Perennial. New York: Perennial. 2004: 297. ISBN 0060728892.
^ Searle, John R. The Mystery of Consciousness 1. New York: New York Review of Books. 1997: 53–88. ISBN 9780940322066.
^ Stenger, Victor. The Myth of Quantum Consciousness (PDF). The Humanist. 53 No 3 (May–June 1992). : 13–15 [2017-04-25]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2011-06-06）.

延伸閱讀

Flanagan, Brian. Are Perceptual Fields Quantum Fields? （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Hodgson, David. The Mind Matters. Oxford University Press, 1993.
Koch, C. and Hepp, K., "Quantum mechanics in the brain", Nature 440, 611 (30 March 2006)
Litt et al., "Is the Brain a Quantum Computer?" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Cognitive Science (2006)
Lockwood, Michael. Mind, Brain and the Quantum. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Basil Blackwell Ltd., 1989.
McFadden, Johnjoe (2000) Quantum Evolution （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-255948-X; ISBN 0-00-655128-9 . Final chapter on the quantum mind.
Pharaoh, M.C. (online). Looking to quantum mechanics for a reductive explanation of the noumenon of consciousness Retrieved June.21 2008.
Schrödinger, Erwin. Mind and Matter. Cambridge University Press, 1959.
Weyl, Hermann. Mind and Nature, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1934.
Wigner, Eugene. "Physics and the Explanation of Life", in Foundations of Physics, vol. 1, 1970, pp. 34–45.

外部連結

Center for Consciousness Studies （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, directed by Stuart Hameroff
Online papers on consciousness （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Stanford Univ. Encyclopedia of Philosophy critical survey article Harald Altmanspacher (2006) Quantum Approaches to Consciousness （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
"What is an Essentially Quantum Mechanical Effect?", Osvaldo Pessoa Jr.
Quantum-Mind （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[Quantum_Approaches_to_Consciousness-1] Quantum Approaches to Consciousness. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. First published Tue Nov 30, 2004; substantive revision Thu May 19, 2011 [2014-10-17]. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-08）. 請檢查|date=中的日期值 (幫助)

[Curceanuetal-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Derakhshani, Maaneli; Diósi, Lajos; Laubenstein, Matthias; Piscicchia, Kristian; Curceanu, Catalina. At the crossroad of the search for spontaneous radiation and the Orch OR consciousness theory. Physics of Life Reviews. September 2022, 42: 8–14 [2024-03-29]. doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2022.05.004. （原始內容存檔於2024-03-29）.

[3] Dyson, Freeman. Infinite in All Directions: Gifford Lectures Given at Aberdeen, Scotland April--November 1985 1st Perennial. New York: Perennial. 2004: 297. ISBN 0060728892.

[4] Searle, John R. The Mystery of Consciousness 1. New York: New York Review of Books. 1997: 53–88. ISBN 9780940322066.

[5] Stenger, Victor. The Myth of Quantum Consciousness (PDF). The Humanist. 53 No 3 (May–June 1992). : 13–15 [2017-04-25]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2011-06-06）.

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