优贝酵母
科学分类
界:
真菌界 Fungi
门:
子囊菌门 Ascomycota
纲:
酵母菌纲 Saccharomycetes
目:
酵母菌目 Saccharomycetales
科:
酵母菌科 Saccharomycetaceae
属:
酵母属 Saccharomyces
种:
优贝酵母 S. eubayanus
二名法
Saccharomyces eubayanus J.P. Samp., Libkind, Hittinger, P. Gonç., E. Valério, C. Gonç., Dover & M. Johnst.
优贝酵母 (学名 :Saccharomyces eubayanus )是酵母属 的一种真菌 ,为耐冷的酵母菌 。用于酿造拉格啤酒 的巴氏酵母 即是由优贝酵母和酿酒酵母 杂交产生[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] ,且其两个支序(Saaz与Frohberg)可能分别来自一起独立的优贝酵母和酿酒酵母杂交事件[ 4] [ 5] 。
优贝酵母最早于南美洲巴塔哥尼亚 的南青冈树 样本中发现,当时认为可能是在哥伦布大交换 中被引入欧洲 ,再于欧洲与酿酒酵母杂交产生巴氏酵母[ 6] 。野生的优贝酵母可分为A与B两大支序,欧洲与北美的菌株序列多样性都很低,显示它们都是由很小的子支序衍生而成。[ 7] 。但哥伦布大交换发生于1500年以后,拉格啤酒则早在15世纪的巴伐利亚 已有生产。2014年有研究基于新发现的菌株,提出优贝酵母实为发源于青藏高原 [ 8] 。
优贝酵母也已被成功用于酿酒 [ 9] [ 10] 。
参考文献
^ Sampaio JP. Microbe Profile: Saccharomyces eubayanus, the missing link to lager beer yeasts . Microbiology. September 2018, 164 (9): 1069–1071. PMC 6230766 . PMID 30175956 . doi:10.1099/mic.0.000677 .
^ Welsh J. ' Missing' Lager Brewing Yeast Discovered in Patagonia . Livescience.com. 22 August 2011 [2011-08-23 ] . (原始内容存档 于2024-04-09).
^ Kaiser T. Lager's Mystery Yeast Discovered in Argentina . Dailytech.com. [2011-08-23 ] . (原始内容 存档于2016-12-11).
^ Baker E, Wang B, Bellora N, Peris D, Hulfachor AB, Koshalek JA, et al. The Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces eubayanus and the Domestication of Lager-Brewing Yeasts . Molecular Biology and Evolution. November 2015, 32 (11): 2818–2831. PMC 4651232 . PMID 26269586 . doi:10.1093/molbev/msv168 .
^ Dunn B, Sherlock G. Reconstruction of the genome origins and evolution of the hybrid lager yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus . Genome Research. October 2008, 18 (10): 1610–1623. PMC 2556262 . PMID 18787083 . doi:10.1101/gr.076075.108 .
^ Libkind D, Hittinger CT, Valério E, Gonçalves C, Dover J, Johnston M, et al. Microbe domestication and the identification of the wild genetic stock of lager-brewing yeast . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. August 2011, 108 (35): 14539–14544. PMC 3167505 . PMID 21873232 . doi:10.1073/pnas.1105430108 .
^ Peris, David; Sylvester, Kayla; Libkind, Diego; Gonçalves, Paula; Sampaio, José Paulo; Alexander, William G.; Hittinger, Chris Todd. Population structure and reticulate evolution of S accharomyces eubayanus and its lager‐brewing hybrids. Molecular Ecology. 2014-04, 23 (8): 2031–2045. doi:10.1111/mec.12702 .
^ Bing J, Han PJ, Liu WQ, Wang QM, Bai FY. Evidence for a Far East Asian origin of lager beer yeast. Current Biology. May 2014, 24 (10): R380–R381. PMID 24845661 . doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.031 .
^ La cervecera Heineken compró al CONICET la patente de una levadura patagónica (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ) ("The brewery Heineken bought the patent of a Patagonian yeast from CONICET. "), on: Info blanco sobre negro, Argentinia.
^ HEINEKEN introduces H41 ‘Wild Lager’, by Heineken , 6 Apr 2017. WebArchive as of 26 Oct 2020