苍白
苍白（Pallor[1][2] ），又称面色苍白[3]、脸色苍白[4]，指不常见的、皮肤颜色较平常更浅的状况[5]，在皮肤较薄但微血管密集处较为明显，像是眼睑、耳垂、指甲等部位。[2]
苍白可能由情绪、血流量减少或贫血[2][6]等因素引起[5]，血红蛋白减少，人的脸部就会出现这种颜色。不过除非全身都呈现苍白色（唇色、舌、手掌、口腔和其他粘膜区出现苍白），否则只是脸色苍白的话通常不具有临床意义。
此外当眼睑和皮肤较苍白时，也应留意有无黄疸。外伤或肝病皆可能造成大量溶血反应，使得皮肤苍白。[2]
因素
- 偏头痛或头痛[7]
- 过量的雌二醇或雌酮
- 骨质疏松症
- 恐惧、尴尬、丧恸[8]
- 神经性厌食症
- 贫血[9]
- 缺铁
- 维生素B12缺乏症[10]
- 休克
- 腔室症候群
- 冻伤
- 普通感冒
- 癌症[11]
- 低血糖[12]
- 心跳过缓
- 恐慌发作
- 药品
- 铅中毒
- 晕动病[13]
- 心血管疾病
- 周边动脉阻塞
- 甲状腺机能低下症
- 坏血病
- 结核病
- 睡眠不足
- 嗜铬细胞瘤
- 姿位性低血压
- 甲基多巴
- 食欲不振
- 纤维肌痛
- 血栓闭塞性脉管炎
- 血容量减少
参考文献
- ^ 蒼白，蒼黃. 乐词网. 2021 [2024-11-23] （中文（台湾））.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 黄馨弘. 蒼白. DeepQ医学百科. 2020-08-31 [2024-11-23] （中文（台湾））.
- ^ 陈弘森、黄纯德、廖秀钏、游淑仪. 兒童的血管迷走神經性暈厥發生率之研究. 台湾齿科医学会杂志. 1987 [2024-11-24] （中文（台湾））.
- ^ 江睿玲等. 環前列烯醇. 罕见疾病药物处方集（2009 年版）. 行政院务生署药政处: 42. 2008-12-08 [2024-11-24] （中文（台湾））.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Verneda Lights. What Causes Paleness and How To Treat It. healthline. 2023-04-25 [2024-12-06] （英语）.
- ^ 上海中医药大学医学史教研室主任、教授、中医内科主任医师陈丽云. 面色苍白又发慌，留心白色高血压.
- ^ Gupta, V. K. Conceptual divide between adaptive and pathogenetic phenomena in migraine: nausea and vomiting. Brain. 2004-08-19, 127 (11): E18 [2022-10-14]. PMID 15492109. doi:10.1093/brain/awh279. （原始内容存档于2022-10-15）.
- ^ Drummond, Peter D. Correlates of facial flushing and pallor in anger-provoking situations. Personality and Individual Differences. October 1997, 23 (4): 575–582. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00077-9.
- ^ Kalantri, Ashwini; Karambelkar, Mandar; Joshi, Rajnish; Kalantri, Shriprakash; Jajoo, Ulhas. Accuracy and Reliability of Pallor for Detecting Anaemia: A Hospital-Based Diagnostic Accuracy Study. PLOS ONE. 2010-01-01, 5 (1): e8545. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.8545K. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2797134
. PMID 20049324. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008545 （英语）.
- ^ Mishra, Vikas A.; Harbada, Rishit; Sharma, Akhilesh. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D Deficiencies: An Unusual Cause of Fever, Severe Hemolytic Anemia and Thrombocytopenia. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2015, 4 (1): 145–148. ISSN 2249-4863. PMC 4366991 . PMID 25811010. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.152276.
- ^ Fragkandrea, Ioanna; Nixon, John Alexander; Panagopoulou, Paraskevi. Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Cancer: A Guide for Early Recognition. American Family Physician. 2013-08-01, 88 (3): 185–192 [2022-10-14]. PMID 23939697. （原始内容存档于2023-06-01）.
- ^ Poterucha, Joseph T.; Bos, J. Martijn; Cannon, Bryan C.; Ackerman, Michael J. Frequency and severity of hypoglycemia in children with beta-blocker–treated long QT syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2015-08-01, 12 (8): 1815–1819 [2022-10-14]. ISSN 1547-5271. PMID 25929701. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.04.034. （原始内容存档于2023-10-22） （英语）.
- ^ Holmes, Sharon; King, Stuart; Scott, J. R. Rollin; Clemes, Stacy. Facial Skin Pallor Increases During Motion Sickness. Journal of Psychophysiology. 2002, 16 (3): 150–157 [2022-10-14]. doi:10.1027//0269-8803.16.3.150. （原始内容存档于2022-10-14） （英语）.
