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邦德事件

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近12,000年的全球氣溫變化圖

邦德事件(英語:Bond event),又稱1500年氣候周期,是指北大西洋冰筏活動,與全新世以來全球氣候變化有關。目前已發生八起邦德活動,周期在1,000-1,500年之間[1][2]

傑拉德·C·邦德通過哥倫比亞大學拉蒙特-多爾蒂地球觀測所做了一系列北大西洋岩石軌跡的研究,於1997年發表論文,認為晚更新世以來全球氣候存在1470年的周期性波動[1][3]。然而此後的研究結果表明,支持此氣候循環的證據不多[2]

此外,2005年格陵蘭島冰芯英語ice core數據顯示[4],這種氣候變化與丹斯伽阿德-厄施格爾周期沒有太大關聯[2][5][6]。北大西洋冰筏活動與美國靠近大西洋地區湖泊水位下降有關,和中東地區持續55,000年的乾旱也有部分關聯[7][8][9][10][11]

列表

邦德活動概況

大多數邦德活動沒有明顯的氣候變化標誌,但通常伴隨著氣候轉冷或乾旱。

No. 距今
年份
備註
0 ≈ 500 ≈ 1500 AD 參見小冰期[12]
1 ≈ 1,400 ≈ 600 AD 參見民族大遷徙[12]古典晚期小冰期英語Late Antique Little Ice Age
2 ≈ 2,800 ≈ 800 BC 參見鐵器時代冷期英語Iron Age Cold Epoch
3 ≈ 4,200 ≈ 2200 BC 參見4.2千年事件阿卡德帝國滅亡,埃及古王國時期結束[13][14]
4 ≈ 5,900 ≈ 3900 BC 參見5.9千年事件撒哈拉沙漠在公元前3500–3000年間重新形成,早期青銅時代約開始於公元前3300年
5 ≈ 8,200 ≈ 6200 BC 參見8.2千年事件
6 ≈ 9,400 ≈ 7400 BC 挪威冰川進行埃爾達倫活動[15],中國氣候變冷[16]
7 ≈ 10,300 ≈ 8300 BC
8 ≈ 11,100 ≈ 9100 BC 新仙女木期結束,進入北方時期英語Boreal (age)[17]

對區域氣候的影響

全新世氧18和氘的冰記錄來自薩哈馬火山、瓦斯卡蘭山和伊宜馬尼峰。 箭頭顯示可能與邦德事件有關的溫度下降。

在南美洲中部安地斯山脈等偏遠地區發現了邦德事件。

在熱帶安第斯山脈的三個冰芯記錄中,已經確定了全新世早期和全新世中期期間多達六個邦德旋迴。 這些記錄是從薩哈馬火山瓦斯卡蘭山伊宜馬尼峰的山峰中提取的。 探測到的周期為距今6,400年、距今5500年、距今3,700年、距今2,700年、距今1,300年和距今200年並表示溫度下降。

參見

參考

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