巴基斯坦西北部战争
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巴基斯坦西北部战争 شمال مغرب پاکستان میں جنگ | |||||||
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反恐战争和阿富汗战争 (2001年)的一部分 | |||||||
![]() 当前的军事形势 | |||||||
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参战方 | |||||||
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与塔利班结盟的组织
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指挥官与领导者 | |||||||
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![]() Usman Ghazi † 托希尔·尤尔多什 † Najmiddin Jalolov † Abu Usman Adil † Mirzazhanov Atoyevich (负伤) | ||||||
兵力 | |||||||
巴基斯坦 美国 UAV无人机 中央情报局特别活动中心特工 美国特种作战部队[25] |
~25,000 名巴基斯坦塔利班民兵[26] | ||||||
伤亡与损失 | |||||||
巴基斯坦: 美国: 15 名士兵被杀(2010)[34] |
29,398 名武装分子被杀(根据 SATP)[31][32] 31,000 人被杀(根据沃森国际和公共事务研究所;到 2016 年年中)[33] | ||||||
9,394 名平民和 1,946 名身份不明的人被杀(根据 SATP)[31][32] 超过 344 万平民流离失所(2009 年)[36] 超过 600 万平民流离失所(2003-2019 年)[37] |
巴基斯坦西北部战争,亦称瓦济里斯坦战争,是指2004年至今,发生在巴基斯坦瓦济里斯坦地区的武装冲突,涉及巴基斯坦塔利班运动、伊斯兰军、执行先知法典运动、基地组织等武装组织,以及有组织的犯罪[38][39][40]。
冲突始于2004年,源于巴基斯坦陆军在瓦济里斯坦山区(位于联邦直辖部落地区)搜索盖达组织战士而造成的紧张局势升级为武装抵抗[41]。巴方的行动被认为是对国际反恐战争的贡献[42][43]。2008年至2010年巴基斯坦军方和与阿拉伯武装分子结盟的中亚激进组织间爆发更多冲突[44][45]。外籍武装分子得到西面阿富汗战争的巴基斯坦非军人老兵加入,随后成立了巴基斯坦塔利班运动及伊斯兰军等其他好战组织。1992年成立的执行先知法典运动与巴基斯坦塔利班及伊斯兰军结盟。
2014年6月8日真纳国际机场遭受武装分子袭击后,巴基斯坦政府在6月15日发起“利剑行动”,加强剿灭于该国西北部活动的武装分子[46]。
伤亡及损失
巴基斯坦加入美国领导的反恐战争,给本国经济带来深刻影响[47]。根据财政部的统计和数据搜集调查,作为“前线国家”,自2001年以来,经济遭受直接和间接损失达679.3亿美元[48][49]。根据财政部发行的《2010-2011年度巴基斯坦经济调查报告》,“巴基斯坦的产值从未有过如此有毁灭性的社会和经济动荡,甚至是1971年对印度直接宣战[49]”。
巴基斯坦军方公布自2014年6月至2015年12月,有3,400名武装分子在“利剑行动”中被杀,安全部队则有488人死、1,914人受伤[50]。
注释
参考文献
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