维基百科:頂註

本页使用了标题或全文手工转换
维基百科,自由的百科全书


頂註(Hatnote,或稱頁首註腳)是置於條目或章节頂部的簡短註釋。就拿這個做為一個例子,请看那些紧接在上面方框前面的斜体注释。它的英文名字来自于它的位置,就像一顶帽子放在人的头顶上一样。頂註的目的是帮助读者找到另一篇條目,如果他们所处的條目不是他们要找的條目。读者可能因为以下原因,而来到含有頂註的條目:

  • 他们被重新定向了。
  • 他们可能在寻找一篇使用更具体、已消歧義的标题的條目。
  • 他们可能是在寻找一篇名字与它相似、或在其他情況下可能与它相混淆,带著頂註的條目。

頂註提供了可能就是正在寻找的條目的链接、或是一個消歧义页面的链接。

頂註的五个基本规则是:

  1. 直接链接到其他條目;不要管道連結到非消歧义的链接。链接到重定向通常是不可取的,雖然也可能出现例外情况。链接到消除歧义的页面应该要以「(消除歧义)」结尾,即使该版本的标题是一个重定向。
  2. 尽量少解释;只解释重要的信息,让條目的序言章節主體为读者闡明事情。
  3. 只有当读者有误入该條目、或是心中想的是另一个主题卻入錯了條目,的合理可能性,你才提出其他主题和條目。
  4. 然而,如果一个显著的主题小明通常被称为「小華」,但「小華」这篇條目并不是关于小明的,就「必须」要有一个链接到关于小明的條目的頂註,「或者」链接到一个包含小明的條目链接的消歧义页面。
  5. 理想的情况是,在页面或章节的顶部,将頂註限制为一个。如果有不同的目的,例如消除名称相似的主题和解释重定向,那么多个頂註可能是合适的。(在这种情况下,可以考虑使用{{hatnote group}}。

更多關於編寫消歧義條目的辦法,參見Wikipedia:消歧義

位置

将頂註放在條目或章节的顶部。当在條目的顶部使用时,頂註紧接在简短描述模板下面,但完全地高于其他任何东西,包括保护图标或维护标签[1]純文字瀏覽器英语Text-based web browser螢幕閱讀器則會依序呈现页面。如果读者到达了不對的页面,他们应该首先发现這個。

在维基百科的iOS应用程序中,有一个已知的错误,即頂註不能出现在页面的任何地方。

格式

大多數情況下,頂註應盡量使用標準頂註模板建立,如下列§ 頂註模板所示。這可以讓註解的形式和結構能夠隨百科全書的需要而一致地變化,而且在列印時可以將這些模板排除。

英文维基百科目前的风格是斜体字和縮排每个注解,在项目之前没有一个項目符號(小黑圓點)。水平分隔線不应该放在注释下面或列表中最后一项的后面。條目的链接应遵循大写字母的命名惯例--通常是句子大小写,而不是全部小写。

在決定頂註的内容之时,要记住它是用户界面的一部分而不是條目内容。两个适用的用户界面设计原则是清晰和简明。頂註不应该给用户带来过多不相干的信息,而且内容应该快速准确地傳達给用户。这些设计的目标在「少即是多」的原则中被简洁地传达出来。

長度和個數

由于頂註将读者与他们正在寻找的内容分开,頂註一般应尽可能地简洁。一般来说,不鼓励冗长的解释;文章的主要文字,而不是頂註,应该解释文章的内容。在几乎所有的情况下,頂註的目的只是为了将读者引向其他文章,以防他们实际上是在寻找他们在包含頂註的文章中找不到的东西。

如果一个给定的术语存在一个消歧义页面,那么链接到它就足够了。例如,如果条目是天龙八部,那么它的頂註将链接到天龙八部_(消歧义);它不应该有其他同樣被称为天龙八部的主题的条目,如天龍八部 (1982年電視劇)天龍八部 (2002年遊戲),因为它们已经在消歧页中列出。然而,如果有相当多的读者期待这篇条目会出现在相关的标题下,那么这样的單一条目是可以被链接:例如,蘋果是與水果有關,但是许多读者期待会在这个标题下找到关于手機的文章;因此,那里的頂註正确地写为

{{about|水果和植物|美國科技公司|苹果公司|其他用法|苹果 (消歧义)}}

它會顯示為

頂註的數量应尽可能地少。一个可以容纳几个链接的頂註,比两个或更多的頂註要好得多。但是,如果每个人都有不同的目的,例如消除标题的歧义区分类似的术语,那么多个頂註也是合适的。[2]

概述與否

有些頂註消歧義模板會包括一段當下條目的主題的簡短摘要,某些模板沒有。例如,在康熙條目,可以使用模板 {{about}}

或是,也有人會使用{{other uses}}

這兩種風格都是可接受的,在條目使用哪種風格取決於編者的選擇,以及對讀者來說是否更為清晰而容易。當條目已有頂註存在,除非有更好的理由否則應該避免改變成其他風格。

適當使用的範例

相似標題的兩個項目

This article is about the village in England. For H. P. Lovecraft's fictional town, see Dunwich (Lovecraft).

Dunwich (pronounced Dun-Itch) is a town in the county of Suffolk in England, the remnant of what was once a prosperous seaport and centre of the wool trade during the early middle ages, with a natural harbour formed by the mouths of the River Blyth...

當兩個項目擁有相同的標題,一個已消歧義、另一個尚未消歧,未消歧義的項目應該包含一個頂註及通往另一個項目的連結。這時候不需要建立單獨的消歧義頁面。{{about}}模板可能適用此例。在這個例子裡原始碼為 {{about|the village in England|H. P. Lovecraft's fictional town|Dunwich (Lovecraft)}}.

連結至消歧義頁

關於「小甜甜」的其他意思,詳見「小甜甜 (消歧義)」。

小甜甜》是日本兒童文學作家水木杏子名木田惠子)原作,漫畫家五十嵐優美子作畫的少女漫畫作品,亦為以同漫畫改編的電視動畫主題歌。


For other uses, see Monolith (disambiguation).

A monolith is a monument or natural feature such as a mountain, consisting of a single massive stone or rock. Erosion usually exposes these formations...

當用語有一個主要的含義,和兩個或更多的意涵,主要題目頁面的頂註應該連結至消歧義頁。 {{otheruses}} 模板可能適用此例。

在許多情況下,頂註還包括一段該條目的簡短介紹,以方便讀者:

本文介紹的是關於希臘神話的迷宮。關於其他用法,詳見「迷宮 (消歧義)」。

迷宮希臘神話中是一座精心製作的建築物,由名匠代達羅斯克里特島的國王米諾斯所設計,建造於克諾索斯。這座迷宮用來囚禁米諾斯的兒子……


This article is about the mazelike labyrinth from Greek mythology. For other uses, see Labyrinth (disambiguation).

In Greek mythology, the Labyrinth was an elaborate maze-like structure constructed for King Minos of Crete and designed by the legendary artificer Daedalus to hold the Minotaur...

{{about}} 模板可能適用此例。在這種情況下,參數為{{about|關於希臘神話的迷宮}}

由曖昧用語重定向至清晰名稱的項目

當有清楚名稱的條目重定向自含糊用語,{{redirect}}或相關模板能夠應用於此:

拿破崙一世


維基百科,自由的百科全書
(重定向自拿破崙

拿破崙」重定向至此。關於其他同名人物或拿破崙的其他意思,詳見「拿破崙 (消歧義)」。

拿破侖·波拿巴Napoléon Bonaparte,1769年8月15日—1821年5月5日),即拿破侖一世Napoléon Ier),出生於科西嘉島法國軍事家政治家法蘭西第一共和國第一執政(1799年1804年)……

Johann Sebastian Bach


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Bach)

"Bach" redirects here. For other uses, see Bach (disambiguation).

Johann Sebastian Bach (发音为/joˈhan/ˈjoːhan zeˈbastjan ˈbax/) (March 21, 1685 O.S.July 28, 1750 N.S.) was a prolific German composer...

不適當使用的範例

瑣細資訊、字義、俚語

註解一個微不足道的細節、術語用法,或連結至極度特定和偏頗的材料時,這些都是不正當的。


經濟,意思是

  • 經世濟民,表示治理世事,使富裕民生。
  • 經濟 (經濟學),指一定範圍(國家、區域)內,組織一切生產、分配、流通和消費活動與關係的系統之總稱。
  • 用較少的付出獲得較大的成效。

路人,意思是


上空可以指:

  • 上空或稱無上裝,女性乳房無遮蔽物的狀態。
  • 反向於地面,上方的天空
  • 自己頭頂上的一帶(但一般低於雲層),別人或外物越過這個範圍就會失去安全感或感到騷擾。與天空略有不同。

尺度可以指:

  • 尺度,處事或看待事物的標準
  • 尺度 (天氣),天氣系統的大小及持續時間

包袱可以指:

  • 包袱,出行時用布裹成的行囊,後借指負擔。
  • 包袱 (相聲),一種相聲表演方式。

大号可以指:

  • 大号,一种低音铜管乐器,这种乐器是体积最大、音域最低的铜管乐器,在管弦乐队、管乐队中经常使用。
  • 大号亦可指某种物件在尺寸、重量、体积或容量上很大。
  • 正式名称,同“大名”,和“小名”相对。
  • 中国某些地方,大号指厕所
  • 某些地區稱大便

Investment,意思是

  1. 對壘壕溝包圍城鎮或堡壘,見攻城戰
  2. 金融經濟學密切相關,有數種意思的術語。以下詳述

期盼未來能夠獲得利益,累積某種財富

During a siege, to invest a town or fortress means to surround it with a contravallation and a circumvallation.

Investment is a term with several closely related meanings in finance and economics. It refers to the accumulation of some kind of asset in hopes of getting a future return from it...

更多不良範例:小波吹牛處決庶子

在這種情況下,沒有直接消歧義,而列出的註解必然非大多數讀者的興趣。適當的消歧義只需要連接到一個單獨的頁面——杜松 (消歧義)大号 (消歧义)天花 (消歧义)大陆 (消歧义)en:Invest (disambiguation)

关于该主题的正統信息

A previous version of the Aisha article showed:

Ayesha is sometimes used as a woman's name. Once popular only among Muslims, it was briefly popular among English-speakers after it appeared in the book She by Rider Haggard.

Aisha or Ayesha (Arabic عائشه `ā'isha = "she who lives") was a wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad...

This is a typical and highly improper misuse of disambiguating hatnotes. Instead, the information belongs in the body of the article, or in the articles about the book, or in a separate article about names, or all three places. Hatnotes are meant to reduce confusion and direct readers to another article they might have been looking for, not for information about the subject of the article itself.

連結至與主題高度相關的項目

This article is about the scientific study of extraterrestrial life; for treatment in popular culture, see Extraterrestrial life in popular culture.

Extraterrestrial life is life that may exist and originate outside the planet Earth. Its existence is currently hypothetical: there is as yet no evidence of extraterrestrial life that has been widely accepted by scientists...

Instead of using a hatnote, it is better to summarize Extraterrestrial life in popular culture under a subsection of Extraterrestrial life in conjunction with the {{main}} template. Alternatively, it could be linked to in the See also section.

並非曖昧的清晰項目名稱

Tree (set theory)


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Tree (disambiguation).

In set theory, a tree is a partially ordered set (poset) in which there is a single unique minimal element (called the root) and in which the set of elements less than a given element is well ordered...

Here, the problem is that a reader following links within Wikipedia or using Wikipedia's own search engine would not have ended up at tree (set theory) if they were interested in other types of trees, as tree does not redirect there.

However, a hatnote may still be appropriate when even a more specific name is still ambiguous. For example, Matt Smith (comics) might still be confused for the comics illustrator Matt Smith (illustrator).

A hatnote may also be appropriate in an unambiguously named article when an ambiguous term redirects to it, as explained in the "Proper uses" section above.

多餘連結

One should not link terms other than the desired target in the hatnote. For example:

WTIX (980 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Sports radio format.

In this case, the link to New Orleans, Louisiana in the hatnote is inappropriate. Only the possible other destination (WIST (AM)) should be linked.

外部連結

A previous version of the Hurricane Katrina article contained:

If you are trying to locate someone missing in Hurricane Katrina, or register yourself as found, you can use the site www.disastersearch.org [1]

Hurricane Katrina, which made landfall near New Orleans, Louisiana, on August 29, 2005, was one of the most destructive and expensive tropical cyclones to hit the United States...

The use of external help links in Wikipedia, though noble, cannot reasonably be maintained. In special cases, a link to an "External links" section with several links may be appropriate, but POV favoritism can be obstructive. In this case, the hatnote was removed entirely.

不存在的項目

頂註應避免用於不存在的條目,註解的目的是指示用戶到另一個他們可能有意探求的項目。例外情況是如果要立即創建所連結的條目的條目。在這種情況下,考慮先創建新條目,再挽救附加的頂註。

頂註模板

一般的頂註

{{Hatnote}}允许一般文本以頂註格式显示。当下面列出的其他特定模板都不包括所需的参数组合时,或者在一个单一的頂註中结合几个参数时,它是合适的。

  • {{Hatnote|CUSTOM TEXT}}
{{Hatnote|For other senses of this term, see [[etc...]]}}
  • {{Self reference}} (一个用于自我参照维基百科资料的通用模板)

Other uses of the same title ("For ..., see ...")

根据WP:NAMB,当文章的名称不含糊时,通常最好不要有一个頂註。

"This page is about ... For other uses, see..."

{{About}}是记述其他用途的主要模板。

注意:当在主命名空間(又称主空间)中使用时,下面的頂註中的 "页面 "一词被替换为 "文章"。

  • {{About|TOPIC}}
  • {{About|USE1||PAGE2}} (When the disambiguation page has a different name – Note the empty second parameter) →
  • {{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2}} (When there is only one other use) →
  • {{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|and|PAGE3}} (Two pages for USE2) →
  • {{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2#SUBSECTION{{!}}PAGE2TITLE}} (Using the {{!}} magic word to give the link a different title) →
  • {{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|other uses}} (When there are several standard other uses and also a disambiguation page with default name – Note that the last page name is not specified) →
  • {{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|other uses|PAGE3}} (When there are several standard other uses and also a disambiguation page with non-default name) →
  • {{About||USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3|other uses}} (When you don't need to state the focus of this article/page – Note the empty first parameter) →
  • {{About|||PAGE1|and|PAGE2}}
Note: {{for||PAGE1|PAGE2}} produces the same result.
  • {{About|TOPIC|section=yes}}
Note: this hatnote says "section", instead of "article" or "page".
  • {{About|USE1|text=TEXT}}

"This page is about ... It is not to be confused with ..."

{{About-distinguish}} is a template for noting other uses when there could be confusion with another topic.

  • {{About-distinguish|USE1|PAGE1}}
  • {{About-distinguish2|USE1|TEXT}}

"For ..., see ..."

{{For}} can be used instead of {{About}} so as not to display: This page is about USE1. but still specify a specific other use. This effect can also be achieved by using an empty first parameter in {{About}} as in:

For example: {{For|OTHER TOPIC|PAGE1}} is the same as {{About||OTHER TOPIC|PAGE1}} (note the empty first parameter).

However, it is somewhat clearer when using the {{For}} template, since the word "about" does not appear in the statement.

  • {{For|OTHER TOPIC}}
  • {{For|OTHER TOPIC|PAGE1}}
  • {{For|OTHER TOPIC|PAGE1|PAGE2}}
  • {{For|OTHER TOPIC|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3}}
Variations
As with {{Other uses}}, there is a whole family of "for" templates. {{For2}} allows custom text, such as quotation marks or a link from part of the "CUSTOM TEXT", but does not supply automatic wikilinking
  • {{For2|OTHER TOPIC|CUSTOM TEXT}} (note how CUSTOM TEXT isn't bluelinked)
It also supports up to three topics:
  • {{For2|OTHER TOPIC|CUSTOM TEXT|OTHER TOPIC 2|CUSTOM TEXT 2}}
  • {{For2|OTHER TOPIC|CUSTOM TEXT|OTHER TOPIC 2|CUSTOM TEXT 2|OTHER TOPIC 3|CUSTOM TEXT 3}}

"For other uses, see ..."

When such a wordy hatnote as {{About}} is not needed, {{Other uses}} is often useful.

  • {{Other uses}}

  关于与「Wikipedia:頂註」標題相近或相同的项目页,請見「Hatnote (disambiguation)」。

  • {{Other uses|PAGE1}}

  关于与「Wikipedia:頂註」標題相近或相同的项目页,請見「PAGE1」。

  • {{Other uses|PAGE1|PAGE2}}

  关于与「Wikipedia:頂註」標題相近或相同的项目页,請見「PAGE2」。

Variations
There are, historically, a whole family of "other uses" templates for specific cases. {{About}} is the standard hatnote for "other uses" and many of them can be specified using the {{About}} template. However, the individual templates may be easier to use in certain contexts.
Here are the variations and (when appropriate) the equivalents using the {{About}}, {{Other uses}} or {{For}} templates.
"For other uses of ..., see ..."

Redirect

"... redirects here. For other uses, see ..."

  • {{Redirect|REDIRECT}}
  • {{Redirect|REDIRECT||PAGE1}}
  • {{Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1}}
  • {{Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2}}
  • {{Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1|and|PAGE2}}
Variations
  • For two sources:
    • {{Redirect-two|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2}}
    • {{Redirect-two|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|USE}}
    • {{Redirect2|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2||PAGE1}}
    • {{Redirect-two|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|USE|PAGE1}}
    • {{Redirect-two|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2}}
  • For three or more sources:
  • To specify the text following "redirects here.":
    • {{Redirect|REDIRECT|text=TEXT}}
    • {{Redirect-synonym|TERM|OTHER TOPIC}}

"For technical reasons, ... redirects here. ...

... redirects here. It is not to be confused with ...

Similar proper names ("For other people named ...")

Other people

Note: defaults to "named" as in {{Other people}}, exists for options like "nicknamed", "known as", etc.

Other places/ships/hurricanes

Distinguish

"Not to be confused with ..."

"... redirects here. It is not to be confused with ..."

Family names

Family names can also be clarified using inline footnotes, such as with {{Efn Chinese name}}.

For use in sections

"Main article: ..."

{{Main}} is used to make summary style explicit, when used in a summary section for which there is also a separate article on the subject:

"Further information: ..."

{{Further}} can supplement {{Main}} in summary sections, or can indicate more details in nonsummary sections:

  • {{Further|PAGE}}
  • {{Further|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3}}
  • {{Further|topic=TOPIC|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3}}
  • {{Further2|[[PAGE1]], [[PAGE2]], and other text}}
  • {{Further ill}} may be used to link to articles containing further information on a topic, where English Wikipedia does not yet have an article, but another language Wikipedia does.

"See also ..."

{{See also}} can be used at the head of a section.

Note: use only when OTHER TOPIC PAGE is related to current article and contains a self-explanatory parenthetical.

Article or section transclusions

For category pages

Category-specific templates:

This is a template for linking categories horizontally. Horizontal linkage is often the right solution when vertical linkage (i.e., as sub-category and parent category) is not appropriate. In most cases, this template should be used on both categories to create reciprocal linkage between the two categories.


Correct titles

"The correct title of this article is ... The substitution or omission of the (or, without a reason: "It appears incorrectly here") ... is due to technical restrictions."

Lists

在创建或編輯一個模板之前要做什麼

这些模板在数以千计的条目中使用。因此,更改此模板的语法有可能造成数以千计的条目被破坏。如果你需要创建或编辑一个消歧义或重定向模板,请先问问自己以下几个问题:

  1. 是否已经有模板能够达成这个功能?由于有许多消歧义和重定向页面已经被创建,请先检查Category:顶注模板
  2. 我是否真的需要新的模板才能实现这个功能?它是否会被用在其他页面上?或者我只应该用{{Hatnote}}就够了?在创建新的模板之前,请参考Wikipedia:模板命名空间中的相关说明。
  3. 如果我修改了现有模板的参数,我是否知道其结果是什么?它是否会破坏现有的模板调用?如果破坏了,我能不能全都修好?

在做任何更改之前,请先参阅Wikipedia:模板的沙盒和测试样例

另見

參考

  1. ^ 请参见MOS:SECTIONORDER以獲得頂註的位置的具体细节。
  2. ^ The acceptability of multiple hatnotes was clarified in a 2016 discussion.